Diet, microbes, and host genetics: the perfect storm in inflammatory bowel diseases

The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), as well as other inflammatory conditions, has dramatically increased over the past half century. While many studies have shown that IBD exhibits a genetic component via genome-wide association studies, genetic drift alone cannot account for this in...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of gastroenterology 2013-03, Vol.48 (3), p.315-321
Main Authors: Leone, Vanessa, Chang, Eugene B., Devkota, Suzanne
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abdominal Surgery
Carbohydrates
Colorectal Surgery
Diet
Diet - adverse effects
Gastroenterology
Gene-Environment Interaction
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Genomics
Health aspects
Hepatology
Humans
Inflammatory bowel diseases
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - etiology
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - genetics
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - microbiology
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - therapy
Intestines - microbiology
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Metagenome
Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)
Review
Surgical Oncology
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Summary:The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), as well as other inflammatory conditions, has dramatically increased over the past half century. While many studies have shown that IBD exhibits a genetic component via genome-wide association studies, genetic drift alone cannot account for this increase, and other factors, such as those found in the environment must play a role, suggesting a “multiple hit” phenomenon that precipitates disease. One major environmental factor, dietary intake, has shifted to a high fat, high carbohydrate Western-type diet in developing nations, nearly in direct correlation with the increasing incidence of IBD. Recent evidence suggests that specific changes in dietary intake have led to a shift in the composite human gut microbiota, resulting in the emergence of pathobionts that can thrive under specific conditions. In the genetically susceptible host, the emerging pathobionts can lead to increasing incidence and severity of IBD and other inflammatory disorders. Since the gut microbiota is plastic and responds to dietary modulations, the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and/or dietary alterations are all intriguing complementary therapeutic approaches to alleviate IBD symptoms. However, the interactions are complex and it is unlikely that a one-size-fits all approach can be utilized across all populations affected by IBD. Exploration into and thoroughly understanding the interactions between host and microbes, primarily in the genetically susceptible host, will help define strategies that can be tailored to an individual as we move towards an era of personalized medicine to treat IBD.
ISSN:0944-1174
1435-5922
DOI:10.1007/s00535-013-0777-2