Diagnostic transitions from childhood to adolescence to early adulthood

Background Quantifying diagnostic transitions across development is needed to estimate the long‐term burden of mental illness. This study estimated patterns of diagnostic transitions from childhood to adolescence and from adolescence to early adulthood. Methods Patterns of diagnostic transitions wer...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of child psychology and psychiatry 2013-07, Vol.54 (7), p.791-799
Main Authors: Copeland, William E., Adair, Carol E., Smetanin, Paul, Stiff, David, Briante, Carla, Colman, Ian, Fergusson, David, Horwood, John, Poulton, Richie, Jane Costello, E., Angold, Adrian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescence
Adolescent
Adolescents
Adult
Adult and adolescent clinical studies
Adulthood
Adults
Age Factors
Aging
Anxiety
Anxiety Disorders - diagnosis
Anxiety Disorders - epidemiology
Anxiety Disorders - psychology
Anxiety-Depression
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - diagnosis
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - epidemiology
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - psychology
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Behavior Disorders
behavioral disorders
Biological and medical sciences
Child
Child Behavior Disorders - diagnosis
Child Behavior Disorders - epidemiology
Child Behavior Disorders - psychology
Child clinical studies
Child development
Childhood
Children
Clinical Diagnosis
comorbidity
Cross-Sectional Studies
depression
Depression (Psychology)
Depressive Disorder - diagnosis
Depressive Disorder - epidemiology
Depressive Disorder - psychology
Emotional Disturbances
Emotional-Behavioural problems
Epidemiology
Evidence
Female
Foreign Countries
Great Smoky Mountains
Health Surveys
Humans
Incidence
Individual Development
Interview, Psychological
longitudinal
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Medical sciences
Mental Disorders
Mental Disorders - diagnosis
Mental Disorders - epidemiology
Mental Disorders - psychology
Miscellaneous
New Zealand
New Zealand (Christchurch)
Odds Ratio
Prospective Studies
Psychiatric disorders
Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Risk Factors
Substance Abuse
Surveys and Questionnaires
Transitions
United States (Southeast)
Young Adult
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Summary:Background Quantifying diagnostic transitions across development is needed to estimate the long‐term burden of mental illness. This study estimated patterns of diagnostic transitions from childhood to adolescence and from adolescence to early adulthood. Methods Patterns of diagnostic transitions were estimated using data from three prospective, longitudinal studies involving close to 20,000 observations of 3,722 participants followed across multiple developmental periods covering ages 9–30. Common DSM psychiatric disorders were assessed in childhood (ages 9–12; two samples), adolescence (ages 13–18; three samples), and early adulthood (ages 19 to age 32; three samples) with structured psychiatric interviews and questionnaires. Results Having a disorder at an early period was associated with at least a threefold increase in odds for having a disorder at a later period. Homotypic and heterotypic transitions were observed for every disorder category. The strongest evidence of continuity was seen for behavioral disorders (particularly ADHD) with less evidence for emotional disorders such as depression and anxiety. Limited evidence was found in adjusted models for behavioral disorders predicting later emotional disorders. Adult substance disorders were preceded by behavioral disorders, but not anxiety or depression. Conclusions Having a disorder in childhood or adolescence is a potent risk factor for a range of psychiatric problems later in development. These findings provide further support for prevention and early life intervention efforts and suggest that treatment at younger ages, while justified in its own right, may also have potential to reduce the risk for disorders later in development.
ISSN:0021-9630
1469-7610
DOI:10.1111/jcpp.12062