gSG6-P1 salivary biomarker discriminates micro-geographical heterogeneity of human exposure to Anopheles bites in low and seasonal malaria areas

BACKGROUND: Over the past decade, a sharp decline of malaria burden has been observed in several countries. Consequently, the conventional entomological methods have become insufficiently sensitive and probably under-estimate micro-geographical heterogeneity of exposure and subsequent risk of malari...

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Published in:Parasites & vectors 2013-03, Vol.6 (1), p.68-68, Article 68
Main Authors: Sagna, André Barembaye, Sarr, Jean Biram, Gaayeb, Lobna, Drame, Papa Makhtar, Ndiath, Mamadou Ousmane, Senghor, Simon, Sow, Cheikh Saya, Poinsignon, Anne, Seck, Modou, Hermann, Emmanuel, Schacht, Anne-Marie, Faye, Ngor, Sokhna, Cheikh, Remoue, Franck, Riveau, Gilles
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Animals
Anopheles
Anopheles - pathogenicity
Biological markers
Biomarkers
Biomarkers - blood
Biomedical research
Child
Child, Preschool
children
Epidemiology
Female
Freshwater
Human Experimentation
Human health and pathology
Humans
Immune response
immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulin G - blood
Infant
Infectious diseases
Insect Bites and Stings
Insect Proteins - immunology
Life Sciences
Longitudinal Studies
Malaria
Malaria - transmission
Male
Measurement
Mosquitoes
Peptides
Population density
Prevention
risk
Rural Population
Salivary Proteins and Peptides - immunology
Seasons
Senegal
Statistical analysis
surveys
Topography, Medical
Vector control
villages
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Summary:BACKGROUND: Over the past decade, a sharp decline of malaria burden has been observed in several countries. Consequently, the conventional entomological methods have become insufficiently sensitive and probably under-estimate micro-geographical heterogeneity of exposure and subsequent risk of malaria transmission. In this study, we investigated whether the human antibody (Ab) response to Anopheles salivary gSG6-P1 peptide, known as a biomarker of Anopheles exposure, could be a sensitive and reliable tool for discriminating human exposure to Anopheles bites in area of low and seasonal malaria transmission. METHODS: A multi-disciplinary survey was performed in Northern Senegal where An. gambiae s.l. is the main malaria vector. Human IgG Ab response to gSG6-P1 salivary peptide was compared according to the season and villages in children from five villages in the middle Senegal River valley, known as a low malaria transmission area. RESULTS: IgG levels to gSG6-P1 varied considerably according to the villages, discriminating the heterogeneity of Anopheles exposure between villages. Significant increase of IgG levels to gSG6-P1 was observed during the peak of exposure to Anopheles bites, and decreased immediately after the end of the exposure season. In addition, differences in the season-dependent specific IgG levels between villages were observed after the implementation of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets by The National Malaria Control Program in this area. CONCLUSION: The gSG6-P1 salivary peptide seems to be a reliable tool to discriminate the micro-geographical heterogeneity of human exposure to Anopheles bites in areas of very low and seasonal malaria transmission. A biomarker such as this could also be used to monitor and evaluate the possible heterogeneous effectiveness of operational vector control programs in low-exposure areas.
ISSN:1756-3305
1756-3305
DOI:10.1186/1756-3305-6-68