Gene Loops Enhance Transcriptional Directionality

Eukaryotic genomes are extensively transcribed, forming both messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). ncRNAs made by RNA polymerase II often initiate from bidirectional promoters (nucleosome-depleted chromatin) that synthesize mRNA and ncRNA in opposite directions. We demonstrate that, by...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 2012-11, Vol.338 (6107), p.671-675
Main Authors: Tan-Wong, Sue Mei, Zaugg, Judith B., Camblong, Jurgi, Xu, Zhenyu, Zhang, David W., Mischo, Hannah E., Ansari, Aseem Z., Luscombe, Nicholas M., Steinmetz, Lars M., Proudfoot, Nick J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetylation
Analytical, structural and metabolic biochemistry
Bidirectional
Biological and medical sciences
Biosynthesis
Chromatin
Coding
Eukaryotes
Exosome Multienzyme Ribonuclease Complex - metabolism
Formations
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Genes
Genes, Fungal
Genetic mutation
Genome, Fungal
Genomes
Histones
Messenger RNA
Molecular and cellular biology
Molecular genetics
mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors - metabolism
Mutagenesis
Mutation
Nucleic Acid Conformation
Online
Open reading frames
Phosphoprotein Phosphatases - metabolism
Promoter regions
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Ribonucleic acids
RNA
RNA polymerase
RNA polymerase II
RNA Polymerase II - metabolism
RNA Stability
RNA, Fungal - genetics
RNA, Fungal - metabolism
RNA, Messenger - genetics
RNA, Messenger - metabolism
RNA, Untranslated - genetics
RNA, Untranslated - metabolism
Saccharomyces cerevisiae - genetics
Saccharomyces cerevisiae - metabolism
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins - metabolism
Transcription, Genetic
Transcription. Transcription factor. Splicing. Rna processing
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Description
Summary:Eukaryotic genomes are extensively transcribed, forming both messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). ncRNAs made by RNA polymerase II often initiate from bidirectional promoters (nucleosome-depleted chromatin) that synthesize mRNA and ncRNA in opposite directions. We demonstrate that, by adopting a gene-loop conformation, actively transcribed mRNA encoding genes restrict divergent transcription of ncRNAs. Because gene-loop formation depends on a protein factor (Ssu72) that coassociates with both the promoter and the terminator, the inactivation of Ssu72 leads to increased synthesis of promoter-associated divergent ncRNAs, referred to as Ssu72-restricted transcripts (SRTs). Similarly, inactivation of individual gene loops by gene mutation enhances SRT synthesis. We demonstrate that gene-loop conformation enforces transcriptional directionality on otherwise bidirectional promoters.
ISSN:0036-8075
1095-9203
DOI:10.1126/science.1224350