Tobacco carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone initiates and enhances pancreatitis responses

Clinical studies indicate that cigarette smoking increases the risk for developing acute pancreatitis. The nicotine metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a major cigarette smoke toxin. We hypothesized that NNK could sensitize to pancreatitis and examined its effects in i...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:American journal of physiology: Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 2012-09, Vol.303 (6), p.G696-G704
Main Authors: Alexandre, M, Uduman, A K, Minervini, S, Raoof, A, Shugrue, C A, Akinbiyi, E O, Patel, V, Shitia, M, Kolodecik, T R, Patton, R, Gorelick, F S, Thrower, E C
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
Animals
Atropine - pharmacology
Carcinogens - administration & dosage
Carcinogens - toxicity
Cells, Cultured
Ceruletide - administration & dosage
Ceruletide - toxicity
Edema - chemically induced
Enzyme Precursors - genetics
Enzyme Precursors - metabolism
L-Lactate Dehydrogenase - metabolism
Liver cancer
Male
Mecamylamine - pharmacology
Metabolites
Nicotiana - chemistry
Nicotine
Nitrosamines - administration & dosage
Nitrosamines - toxicity
Pancreas
Pancreas - drug effects
Pancreatitis - chemically induced
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Receptors, Adrenergic, beta - genetics
Receptors, Adrenergic, beta - metabolism
Receptors, Nicotinic - metabolism
Rodents
Sincalide - analogs & derivatives
Sincalide - pharmacology
Smoking
Toxins
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Summary:Clinical studies indicate that cigarette smoking increases the risk for developing acute pancreatitis. The nicotine metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a major cigarette smoke toxin. We hypothesized that NNK could sensitize to pancreatitis and examined its effects in isolated rat pancreatic acini and in vivo. In acini, 100 nM NNK caused three- and fivefold activation of trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen, respectively, above control. Furthermore, NNK pretreatment in acini enhanced zymogen activation in a cerulein pancreatitis model. The long-term effects of NNK were examined in vivo after intraperitoneal injection of NNK (100 mg/kg body wt) three times weekly for 2 wk. NNK alone caused zymogen activation (6-fold for trypsinogen and 2-fold for chymotrypsinogen vs. control), vacuolization, pyknotic nuclei, and edema. This NNK pretreatment followed by treatment with cerulein (40 μg/kg) for 1 h to induce early pancreatitis responses enhanced trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen activation, as well as other parameters of pancreatitis, compared with cerulein alone. Potential targets of NNK include nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and β-adrenergic receptors; mRNA for both receptor types was detected in acinar cell preparations. Studies with pharmacological inhibitors of these receptors indicate that NNK can mediate acinar cell responses through an nonneuronal α(7)-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α(7)-nAChR). These studies suggest that prolonged exposure to this tobacco toxin can cause pancreatitis and sensitize to disease. Therapies targeting NNK-mediated pathways may prove useful in treatment of smoking-related pancreatitis.
ISSN:0193-1857
1522-1547
DOI:10.1152/ajpgi.00138.2012