Vitamin D safety and requirements

► Vitamin D is one of the molecules whose production declines during aging. ► Vitamin D is a pleiotropic hormone, potentially influencing all human economy. ► Low as well as high vitamin D levels can have harmful effects. ► Great effort should be spent to uncover the ideal vitamin D requirement. Vit...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 2012-07, Vol.523 (1), p.64-72
Main Authors: de Paula, Francisco J.A., Rosen, Clifford J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
chronic diseases
Diagnosis
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
elderly
energy metabolism
homeostasis
Humans
Seasons
Skin Pigmentation - radiation effects
Sunlight
Treatment
Vitamin D
Vitamin D - adverse effects
Vitamin D - blood
Vitamin D - metabolism
vitamin D deficiency
Vitamin D Deficiency - metabolism
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Summary:► Vitamin D is one of the molecules whose production declines during aging. ► Vitamin D is a pleiotropic hormone, potentially influencing all human economy. ► Low as well as high vitamin D levels can have harmful effects. ► Great effort should be spent to uncover the ideal vitamin D requirement. Vitamin D an ancient secosteroid is essential for mineral homeostasis, bone remodeling, immune modulation, and energy metabolism. Recently, debates have emerged about the daily vitamin D requirements for healthy and elderly adults, the safety and efficacy of long term supplementation and the role of vitamin D deficiency in several chronic disease states. Since this molecule acts as both a vitamin and a hormone, it should not be surprising that the effects of supplementation are multi-faceted and complex. Yet despite significant progress in the last decade, our understanding of vitamin D physiology and the clinical relevance of low circulating levels of this vitamin remains incomplete. The present review provides the reader with a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of vitamin D requirements and safety. It also raises some provocative research questions.
ISSN:0003-9861
1096-0384
DOI:10.1016/j.abb.2011.12.002