Malaria in India: The Center for the Study of Complex Malaria in India

We present plans for a Center for the Study of Complex Malaria in India (CSCMi), a partnership between Indian and United States scientists, made possible through funding from the National Institutes of Health and their commitment to establish International Centers of Excellence in Malaria Research....

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Published in:Acta tropica 2012-03, Vol.121 (3), p.267-273
Main Authors: Das, Aparup, Anvikar, Anupkumar R., Cator, Lauren J., Dhiman, Ramesh C., Eapen, Alex, Mishra, Neelima, Nagpal, Bhupinder N., Nanda, Nutan, Raghavendra, Kamaraju, Read, Andrew F., Sharma, Surya K., Singh, Om P., Singh, Vineeta, Sinnis, Photini, Srivastava, Harish C., Sullivan, Steven A., Sutton, Patrick L., Thomas, Matthew B., Carlton, Jane M., Valecha, Neena
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Anopheles
Anopheles - parasitology
Antimalarials - pharmacology
Climate
climate change
disease control
Disease Transmission, Infectious - prevention & control
drug resistance
Drug Resistance, Multiple
Ecology
Epidemiology
experts
Genetic Variation
Genome, Protozoan
Genomics
Health Services Research - organization & administration
Humans
hypersensitivity
India
India - epidemiology
infectious diseases
Insect Vectors - parasitology
insecticide resistance
International Cooperation
Malaria
Malaria - drug therapy
Malaria - epidemiology
Malaria - parasitology
Malaria - prevention & control
mortality
National Health Programs - economics
National Health Programs - organization & administration
National Institutes of Health
parasites
Plasmodium
Plasmodium - genetics
Plasmodium - pathogenicity
public health
scientists
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Summary:We present plans for a Center for the Study of Complex Malaria in India (CSCMi), a partnership between Indian and United States scientists, made possible through funding from the National Institutes of Health and their commitment to establish International Centers of Excellence in Malaria Research. Through the CSCMi, we will work to develop knowledge, tools, and evidence-based strategies to help support intervention and control programs of the Indian government. We are also committed to building research capacity in India by helping to train the next generation of malaria and mosquito vector biologists. Among our research projects is a comprehensive epidemiological surveillance study of the malaria burden in diverse ecological sites, which will help improve the accuracy of the current estimations. Malaria endemicity in India. State boundaries are color-coded according to total malaria endemicity (see key). Data taken from the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (http://www.nvbdcp.gov.in/) for year 2010. NIMR field stations are indicated as red dots. The three NIMR field stations incorporated as part of the CSCMi are: Nadiad (Gujarat), Rourkela (Odisha) and Chennai (Tamil Nadu), each with different eco-epidemiological profiles as shown. EIR: entomological inoculation rate; API: annual parasite incidence. [Display omitted] ► Malaria is a significant public health problem in India. ► Malaria in India is ‘complex’ involving multiple Plasmodium species and vectors. ► Improved knowledge, tools, and evidence-based strategies are needed to support Indian control programs. ► Determining the ecological and evolutionary determinants of malaria transmission is key. ► New genomics technology can be used to propel investigation of malaria mixed species and mixed genotypes. Malaria is a major public health problem in India and one which contributes significantly to the overall malaria burden in Southeast Asia. The National Vector Borne Disease Control Program of India reported ∼1.6 million cases and ∼1100 malaria deaths in 2009. Some experts argue that this is a serious underestimation and that the actual number of malaria cases per year is likely between 9 and 50 times greater, with an approximate 13-fold underestimation of malaria-related mortality. The difficulty in making these estimations is further exacerbated by (i) highly variable malaria eco-epidemiological profiles, (ii) the transmission and overlap of multiple Plasmodium species and Anopheles vecto
ISSN:0001-706X
1873-6254
DOI:10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.11.008