Photodynamic effects of methylene blue-loaded polymeric nanoparticles on dental plaque bacteria

Background and Objectives Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is increasingly being explored for treatment of oral infections. Here, we investigate the effect of PDT on human dental plaque bacteria in vitro using methylene blue (MB)‐loaded poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) (PLGA) nanoparticles with a positive or nega...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Lasers in surgery and medicine 2011-09, Vol.43 (7), p.600-606
Main Authors: Klepac-Ceraj, Vanja, Patel, Niraj, Song, Xiaoqing, Holewa, Colleen, Patel, Chitrang, Kent, Ralph, Amiji, Mansoor M., Soukos, Nikolaos S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anions
Bacteria - drug effects
Bacterial Physiological Phenomena - drug effects
Biocompatible Materials - administration & dosage
Biofilms - drug effects
Cations
Chronic Periodontitis - drug therapy
Chronic Periodontitis - microbiology
Dental Plaque - microbiology
dental plaque bacteria
Drug Carriers
Humans
Lactic Acid
methylene blue
Methylene Blue - pharmacology
Methylene Blue - therapeutic use
Nanoparticles
Photochemotherapy
photodynamic therapy
Photosensitizing Agents - pharmacology
Photosensitizing Agents - therapeutic use
Plankton - drug effects
Plankton - physiology
Polyglycolic Acid
polymeric nanoparticles
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Summary:Background and Objectives Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is increasingly being explored for treatment of oral infections. Here, we investigate the effect of PDT on human dental plaque bacteria in vitro using methylene blue (MB)‐loaded poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) (PLGA) nanoparticles with a positive or negative charge and red light at 665 nm. Study Design/Materials and Methods Dental plaque samples were obtained from 14 patients with chronic periodontitis. Suspensions of plaque microorganisms from seven patients were sensitized with anionic, cationic PLGA nanoparticles (50 µg/ml equivalent to MB) or free MB (50 µg/ml) for 20 min followed by exposure to red light for 5 min with a power density of 100 mW/cm2. Polymicrobial oral biofilms, which were developed on blood agar in 96‐well plates from dental plaque inocula obtained from seven patients, were also exposed to PDT as above. Following the treatment, survival fractions were calculated by counting the number of colony‐forming units. Results The cationic MB‐loaded nanoparticles exhibited greater bacterial phototoxicity in both planktonic and biofilm phase compared to anionic MB‐loaded nanoparticles and free MB, but results were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Conclusion Cationic MB‐loaded PLGA nanoparticles have the potential to be used as carriers of MB for PDT systems. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:600–606, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ISSN:0196-8092
1096-9101
1096-9101
DOI:10.1002/lsm.21069