Non-invasive sample collection for respiratory virus testing by multiplex PCR

Abstract Background Identifying respiratory pathogens within populations is difficult because invasive sample collection, such as with nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA), is generally required. PCR technology could allow for non-invasive sampling methods. Objective Evaluate the utility of non-invasive sa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of clinical virology 2011-11, Vol.52 (3), p.210-214
Main Authors: Blaschke, Anne J, Allison, Mandy A, Meyers, Lindsay, Rogatcheva, Margarita, Heyrend, Caroline, Mallin, Brittany, Carter, Marjorie, LaFleur, Bonnie, Barney, Trenda, Poritz, Mark A, Daly, Judy A, Byington, Carrie L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Allergy and Immunology
Biological and medical sciences
Child
Child, Preschool
Face - virology
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Human rhinovirus
Human viral diseases
Humans
Infant
Infectious Disease
Infectious diseases
Male
Medical sciences
Microbiology
Miscellaneous
Molecular diagnostics
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods
Nasal Lavage Fluid - virology
Nasopharynx - virology
Pediatrics
Picornaviridae Infections - diagnosis
Polymerase chain reaction
Respiratory syncytial virus
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections - diagnosis
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses - genetics
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses - isolation & purification
Respiratory System - virology
Respiratory Tract Infections - diagnosis
Respiratory Tract Infections - virology
Respiratory virus
Rhinovirus - genetics
Rhinovirus - isolation & purification
Sensitivity and Specificity
Specimen Handling
Upper respiratory infection
Viral diagnostics
Viral diseases
Virology
Virus Diseases - diagnosis
Virus Diseases - virology
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Summary:Abstract Background Identifying respiratory pathogens within populations is difficult because invasive sample collection, such as with nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA), is generally required. PCR technology could allow for non-invasive sampling methods. Objective Evaluate the utility of non-invasive sample collection using anterior nare swabs and facial tissues for respiratory virus detection by multiplex PCR. Study design Children aged 1 month–17 years evaluated in a pediatric emergency department for respiratory symptoms had a swab, facial tissue, and NPA sample collected. All samples were tested for respiratory viruses by multiplex PCR. Viral detection rates were calculated for each collection method. Sensitivity and specificity of swabs and facial tissues were calculated using NPA as the gold standard. Results 285 samples from 95 children were evaluated (92 swab-NPA pairs, 91 facial tissue-NPA pairs). 91% of NPA, 82% of swab, and 77% of tissue samples were positive for ≥ 1 virus. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (HRV) were most common. Overall, swabs were positive for 74% of virus infections, and facial tissues were positive for 58%. Sensitivity ranged from 17 to 94% for swabs and 33 to 84% for tissues. Sensitivity was highest for RSV (94% swabs and 84% tissues). Specificity was ≥95% for all viruses except HRV for both collection methods. Conclusions Sensitivity of anterior nare swabs and facial tissues in the detection of respiratory viruses by multiplex PCR varied by virus type. Given its simplicity and specificity, non-invasive sampling for PCR testing may be useful for conducting epidemiologic or surveillance studies in settings where invasive testing is impractical or not feasible.
ISSN:1386-6532
1873-5967
DOI:10.1016/j.jcv.2011.07.015