Protective Effects of Walnut Extract Against Amyloid Beta Peptide-Induced Cell Death and Oxidative Stress in PC12 Cells

Amyloid beta-protein (Aβ) is the major component of senile plaques and cerebrovascular amyloid deposits in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. Aβ is known to increase free radical production in neuronal cells, leading to oxidative stress and cell death. Recently, considerable attention has been fo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Neurochemical research 2011-11, Vol.36 (11), p.2096-2103
Main Authors: Muthaiyah, Balu, Essa, Musthafa M., Chauhan, Ved, Chauhan, Abha
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alzheimer's disease
Amyloid
Amyloid beta-Peptides
Animals
Antiinflammatory agents
Antioxidants
Antioxidants - pharmacology
Apoptosis
Apoptosis - drug effects
beta -Amyloid
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
bromides
Cell Biology
Cell death
Cell Death - drug effects
Cytotoxicity
Deposits
DNA damage
Fibrillogenesis
Free radicals
Juglans
Juglans - chemistry
L-Lactate dehydrogenase
Neurochemistry
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neurology
Neurosciences
Original Paper
Oxidative stress
Oxidative Stress - drug effects
PC12 Cells
Pheochromocytoma cells
Plant Extracts - pharmacology
Rats
Reactive oxygen species
Senile plaques
Solubilization
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Summary:Amyloid beta-protein (Aβ) is the major component of senile plaques and cerebrovascular amyloid deposits in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. Aβ is known to increase free radical production in neuronal cells, leading to oxidative stress and cell death. Recently, considerable attention has been focused on dietary antioxidants that are able to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby offering protection against oxidative stress. Walnuts are rich in components that have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The inhibition of in vitro fibrillization of synthetic Aβ, and solubilization of preformed fibrillar Aβ by walnut extract was previously reported. The present study was designed to investigate whether walnut extract can protect against Aβ-induced oxidative damage and cytotoxicity. The effect of walnut extract on Aβ-induced cellular damage, ROS generation and apoptosis in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells was studied. Walnut extract reduced Aβ-mediated cell death assessed by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) reduction, and release of lactate dehydrogenase (membrane damage), DNA damage (apoptosis) and generation of ROS in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that walnut extract can counteract Aβ-induced oxidative stress and associated cell death.
ISSN:0364-3190
1573-6903
DOI:10.1007/s11064-011-0533-z