Transcriptional Programming and Functional Interactions within the Phytophthora sojae RXLR Effector Repertoire

The genome of the soybean pathogen Phytophthora sojae contains nearly 400 genes encoding candidate effector proteins carrying the host cell entry motif RXLR-dEER. Here, we report a broad survey of the transcription, variation, and functions of a large sample of the P. sojae candidate effectors. Fort...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Plant cell 2011-06, Vol.23 (6), p.2064-2086
Main Authors: Wang, Qunqing, Han, Changzhi, Ferreira, Adriana O, Yu, Xiaoli, Ye, Wenwu, Tripathy, Sucheta, Kale, Shiv D, Gu, Biao, Sheng, Yuting, Sui, Yangyang, Wang, Xiaoli, Zhang, Zhengguang, Cheng, Baoping, Dong, Suomeng, Shan, Weixing, Zheng, Xiaobo, Dou, Daolong, Tyler, Brett M, Wang, Yuanchao
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agrobacterium tumefaciens - genetics
Agrobacterium tumefaciens - metabolism
Alleles
Amino Acid Sequence
Animals
Apoptosis
Bax protein
bcl-2-Associated X Protein - genetics
bcl-2-Associated X Protein - metabolism
Cell death
Cell Death - physiology
defense mechanisms
DNA
Gene Expression Regulation
Gene polymorphism
Genes
genetic polymorphism
Genomes
Glycine max - genetics
Glycine max - immunology
Glycine max - microbiology
hosts
Infection
Infections
Large-Scale Biology
LARGE-SCALE BIOLOGY ARTICLES
Microarray Analysis
Molecular Sequence Data
Nicotiana - genetics
Nicotiana - immunology
Nicotiana - microbiology
Pathogens
Phytophthora - genetics
Phytophthora - metabolism
Phytophthora - pathogenicity
Phytophthora sojae
Plant cells
plant pathogenic fungi
Plant Proteins - genetics
Plant Proteins - metabolism
Polymorphism, Genetic
Positive selection
Proteins
Sequence Alignment
Soybeans
Transcription
transcription factors
Transcription, Genetic
Virulence
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Summary:The genome of the soybean pathogen Phytophthora sojae contains nearly 400 genes encoding candidate effector proteins carrying the host cell entry motif RXLR-dEER. Here, we report a broad survey of the transcription, variation, and functions of a large sample of the P. sojae candidate effectors. Forty-five (12%) effector genes showed high levels of polymorphism among P. sojae isolates and significant evidence for positive selection. Of 169 effectors tested, most could suppress programmed cell death triggered by BAX, effectors, and/or the PAMP INF1, while several triggered cell death themselves. Among the most strongly expressed effectors, one immediate-early class was highly expressed even prior to infection and was further induced 2- to 10-fold following infection. A second early class, including several that triggered cell death, was weakly expressed prior to infection but induced 20- to 120-fold during the first 12 h of infection. The most strongly expressed immediate-early effectors could suppress the cell death triggered by several early effectors, and most early effectors could suppress INF1-triggered cell death, suggesting the two classes of effectors may target different functional branches of the defense response. In support of this hypothesis, misexpression of key immediate-early and early effectors severely reduced the virulence of P. sojae transformants.
ISSN:1040-4651
1532-298X
DOI:10.1105/tpc.111.086082