Applications of isotopes in advancing structural and functional heparanomics

Heparanomics is the study of all the biologically active oligosaccharide domain structures in the entire heparanome and the nature of the interactions among these domains and their protein ligands. Structural elucidation of heparan sulfate and heparin oligosaccharides is a major obstacle in advancin...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2011-01, Vol.399 (2), p.559-570
Main Authors: Tran, Vy M, Nguyen, Thao K. N, Raman, Karthik, Kuberan, Balagurunathan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Affinity labeling
Analysis
Analytical Chemistry
Animals
Antithrombin III
Biochemistry
C
Carbohydrate Sequence
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods
Enzymes
Fibroblast growth factor
Food Science
Glycomics
Glycomics - methods
Glycosaminoglycans
Heparan sulfate
heparin
Heparin - chemistry
Heparin - metabolism
Heparitin Sulfate - chemistry
Heparitin Sulfate - metabolism
high performance liquid chromatography
Humans
Isotope Labeling - methods
Isotopes - chemistry
Isotopes - metabolism
Laboratory Medicine
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - methods
Mass spectrometry
Mass Spectrometry - methods
Methods
Molecular Sequence Data
Monitoring/Environmental Analysis
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Oligosaccharides - chemistry
Oligosaccharides - metabolism
proteoglycans
Radioactive tracers
Radioisotopes (³H
Radioisotopes - chemistry
Radioisotopes - metabolism
Review
S
Spectra
Stable isotopes (¹³C
Structure
Structure-activity relationship
Sulfates
sulfotransferases
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Summary:Heparanomics is the study of all the biologically active oligosaccharide domain structures in the entire heparanome and the nature of the interactions among these domains and their protein ligands. Structural elucidation of heparan sulfate and heparin oligosaccharides is a major obstacle in advancing structure-function relationships and heparanomics. There are several factors that exacerbate the challenges involved in the structural elucidation of heparin and heparan sulfate; therefore, there is great interest in developing novel strategies and analytical tools to overcome the barriers in decoding the enigmatic heparanome. This review focuses on the applications of isotopes, both radioisotopes and stable isotopes, in the structural elucidation of the complex heparanome at the disaccharide or oligosaccharide level using liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. This review also outlines the utility of isotopes in determining the substrate specificity of biosynthetic enzymes that eventually dictate the emergence of biologically active oligosaccharides.
ISSN:1618-2642
1618-2650
DOI:10.1007/s00216-010-4166-x