Limited Effect of Dietary Saturated Fat on Plasma Saturated Fat in the Context of a Low Carbohydrate Diet

We recently showed that a hypocaloric carbohydrate restricted diet (CRD) had two striking effects: (1) a reduction in plasma saturated fatty acids (SFA) despite higher intake than a low fat diet, and (2) a decrease in inflammation despite a significant increase in arachidonic acid (ARA). Here we ext...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Lipids 2010-10, Vol.45 (10), p.947-962
Main Authors: Forsythe, Cassandra E, Phinney, Stephen D, Feinman, Richard D, Volk, Brittanie M, Freidenreich, Daniel, Quann, Erin, Ballard, Kevin, Puglisi, Michael J, Maresh, Carl M, Kraemer, William J, Bibus, Douglas M, Fernandez, Maria Luz, Volek, Jeff S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Arachidonic Acid - blood
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Body Weight
Controlled human feeding study
DHA
Diet
Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted
Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage
Dietary Carbohydrates - blood
Dietary Carbohydrates - urine
Dietary Fats - administration & dosage
Dietary Fats - blood
Dietary Fats - metabolism
EPA
Fatty Acids - administration & dosage
Fatty Acids - blood
Fatty Acids - pharmacology
Humans
Insulin sensitivity
Ketogenic diet
LDL/HDL ratio
Life Sciences
Lipidology
Male
Medical Biochemistry
Medicinal Chemistry
Metabolic syndrome
Microbial Genetics and Genomics
Middle Aged
Neurochemistry
Nutrition
Omega‐3 eggs
Original
Original Article
Palmitic acid
Palmitoleic acid
Plasma fatty acid composition
Saturated fat
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Summary:We recently showed that a hypocaloric carbohydrate restricted diet (CRD) had two striking effects: (1) a reduction in plasma saturated fatty acids (SFA) despite higher intake than a low fat diet, and (2) a decrease in inflammation despite a significant increase in arachidonic acid (ARA). Here we extend these findings in 8 weight stable men who were fed two 6-week CRD (12%en carbohydrate) varying in quality of fat. One CRD emphasized SFA (CRD-SFA, 86 g/d SFA) and the other, unsaturated fat (CRD-UFA, 47 g SFA/d). All foods were provided to subjects. Both CRD decreased serum triacylglycerol (TAG) and insulin, and increased LDL-C particle size. The CRD-UFA significantly decreased plasma TAG SFA (27.48 ± 2.89 mol%) compared to baseline (31.06 ± 4.26 mol%). Plasma TAG SFA, however, remained unchanged in the CRD-SFA (33.14 ± 3.49 mol%) despite a doubling in SFA intake. Both CRD significantly reduced plasma palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7) indicating decreased de novo lipogenesis. CRD-SFA significantly increased plasma phospholipid ARA content, while CRD-UFA significantly increased EPA and DHA. Urine 8-iso PGF₂α, a free radical-catalyzed product of ARA, was significantly lower than baseline following CRD-UFA (−32%). There was a significant inverse correlation between changes in urine 8-iso PGF₂α and PL ARA on both CRD (r = −0.82 CRD-SFA; r = −0.62 CRD-UFA). These findings are consistent with the concept that dietary saturated fat is efficiently metabolized in the presence of low carbohydrate, and that a CRD results in better preservation of plasma ARA.
ISSN:0024-4201
1558-9307
DOI:10.1007/s11745-010-3467-3