The effectiveness of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines in a high risk population measured using immunization register data

The Northern Territory of Australia has had historically very high incidence rates of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in children less than 5 years of age, with the burden of disease greatest among Aboriginal infants less than 12 months. This study documents the impact of conjugate Hi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Epidemiology and infection 2001-02, Vol.126 (1), p.31-36
Main Authors: MARKEY, P., KRAUSE, V., BOSLEGO, J. W., COPLAN, P. M., DARGAN, J.M., KAPLAN, K. M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Applied microbiology
Bacterial Capsules
Biological and medical sciences
Child, Preschool
Children
Children & youth
Conjugate vaccines
Disease control
Disease incidence rates
Disease risk
Epidemiology
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Haemophilus Infections - epidemiology
Haemophilus Infections - prevention & control
Haemophilus influenzae
Haemophilus influenzae type b
Haemophilus influenzae type b - immunology
Haemophilus Vaccines - administration & dosage
Haemophilus Vaccines - immunology
Humans
Immune system diseases
Immunization
Incidence
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Infections
Laboratories
Microbiology
Native peoples
Northern Territory - epidemiology
Notifiable diseases
Oceanic Ancestry Group - statistics & numerical data
Polysaccharides, Bacterial - administration & dosage
Polysaccharides, Bacterial - immunology
Research Article
Retrospective Studies
Time Factors
Treatment Outcome
Vaccination
Vaccination - statistics & numerical data
Vaccines
Vaccines, antisera, therapeutical immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies
Vaccines, antisera, therapeutical immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies (general aspects)
Vaccines, Conjugate - administration & dosage
Vaccines, Conjugate - immunology
Virology
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Description
Summary:The Northern Territory of Australia has had historically very high incidence rates of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in children less than 5 years of age, with the burden of disease greatest among Aboriginal infants less than 12 months. This study documents the impact of conjugate Hib vaccines introduced in 1993. Immunization rates were monitored using an existing immunization register, and case finding was done retrospectively using hospital and laboratory records. Following the vaccine introduction, the incidence fell abruptly to a seventh of its pre-vaccination level, in both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children. The effectiveness of PRP-OMPC (PedvaxHIBTM) was 97·5% and the overall effectiveness of the vaccination programme was 86·3%. The study shows Hib immunization as an effective intervention while discussing continuing needs for Hib control in high risk populations. It also illustrates the benefit of immunization registers in the evaluation of immunization programmes and assessment of vaccine effectiveness.
ISSN:0950-2688
1469-4409
DOI:10.1017/S0950268801005155