Proanthocyanidin-Accumulating Cells in Arabidopsis Testa: Regulation of Differentiation and Role in Seed Development

Anthocyanidin reductase encoded by the BANYULS (BAN) gene is the core enzyme in proanthocyanidin (PA) biosynthesis. Here, we analyzed the developmental mechanisms that regulate the spatiotemporal expression of BAN in the developing Arabidopsis seed coat. PA-accumulating cells were localized histoche...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Plant cell 2003-11, Vol.15 (11), p.2514-2531
Main Authors: Debeaujon, Isabelle, Nesi, Nathalie, Perez, Pascual, Devic, Martine, Grandjean, Olivier, Caboche, Michel, Lepiniec, Loïc
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis - genetics
Arabidopsis - growth & development
Arabidopsis - metabolism
Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics
Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism
BANYULS gene
Base Sequence
Biosynthesis
Cell Differentiation - genetics
Cell Differentiation - physiology
Daughter cells
DNA-Binding Proteins - genetics
DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism
Endosperm
Endothelial cells
Endothelium
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Genetics
Integument
Life Sciences
MADS Domain Proteins - genetics
MADS Domain Proteins - metabolism
Molecular Sequence Data
Mutation
NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases - genetics
NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases - metabolism
Plant cells
Plants genetics
Proanthocyanidins - biosynthesis
Proanthocyanidins - metabolism
Promoter regions
Promoter Regions, Genetic - genetics
Seeds - genetics
Seeds - growth & development
Seeds - metabolism
Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
Tannins
Tannins - biosynthesis
Testa
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Summary:Anthocyanidin reductase encoded by the BANYULS (BAN) gene is the core enzyme in proanthocyanidin (PA) biosynthesis. Here, we analyzed the developmental mechanisms that regulate the spatiotemporal expression of BAN in the developing Arabidopsis seed coat. PA-accumulating cells were localized histochemically in the inner integument (seed body and micropyle) and pigment strand (chalaza). BAN promoter activity was detected specifically in these cells. Gain-of-function experiments showed that an 86-bp promoter fragment functioned as an enhancer specific for PA-accumulating cells. Mutations in regulatory genes of PA biosynthesis abolished BAN promoter activity (transparent testa2 [tt2], tt8, and transparent testa glabra1 [ttg1]), modified its spatial pattern (tt1 and tt16), or had no influence (ttg2), thus revealing complex regulatory interactions at several developmental levels. Genetic ablation of PA-accumulating cells targeted by the BAN promoter fused to BARNASE led to the formation of normal plants that produced viable yellow seeds. Importantly, these seeds had no obvious defects in endosperm and embryo development.
ISSN:1040-4651
1532-298X
DOI:10.1105/tpc.014043