Beam hardening artifacts in micro-computed tomography scanning can be reduced by X-ray beam filtration and the resulting images can be used to accurately measure BMD

Abstract Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements are critical in many research studies investigating skeletal integrity. For pre-clinical research, micro-computed tomography (μCT) has become an essential tool in these studies. However, the ability to measure the BMD directly from μCT images can be b...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Bone (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2009-12, Vol.45 (6), p.1104-1116
Main Authors: Meganck, Jeffrey A, Kozloff, Kenneth M, Thornton, Michael M, Broski, Stephen M, Goldstein, Steven A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Ash fraction
Beam hardening
Biological and medical sciences
Bone and Bones - diagnostic imaging
Bone and Bones - physiology
Bone densitometry
Bone Density - physiology
Bone mineral density
Calcium - metabolism
Densitometry
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Imaging, Three-Dimensional - instrumentation
Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)
Medical sciences
Mice
Micro-computed tomography
Orthopedics
Osteoarticular system. Muscles
Phantoms, Imaging
Radiodiagnosis. Nmr imagery. Nmr spectrometry
Regression Analysis
Time Factors
Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
X-Ray Microtomography - instrumentation
X-Rays
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Summary:Abstract Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements are critical in many research studies investigating skeletal integrity. For pre-clinical research, micro-computed tomography (μCT) has become an essential tool in these studies. However, the ability to measure the BMD directly from μCT images can be biased by artifacts, such as beam hardening, in the image. This three-part study was designed to understand how the image acquisition process can affect the resulting BMD measurements and to verify that the BMD measurements are accurate. In the first part of this study, the effect of beam hardening-induced cupping artifacts on BMD measurements was examined. In the second part of this study, the number of bones in the X-ray path and the sampling process during scanning was examined. In the third part of this study, μCT-based BMD measurements were compared with ash weights to verify the accuracy of the measurements. The results indicate that beam hardening artifacts of up to 32.6% can occur in sample sizes of interest in studies investigating mineralized tissue and affect mineral density measurements. Beam filtration can be used to minimize these artifacts. The results also indicate that, for murine femora, the scan setup can impact densitometry measurements for both cortical and trabecular bone and morphologic measurements of trabecular bone. Last, when a scan setup that minimized all of these artifacts was used, the μCT-based measurements correlated well with ash weight measurements ( R2 = 0.983 when air was excluded), indicating that μCT can be an accurate tool for murine bone densitometry.
ISSN:8756-3282
1873-2763
DOI:10.1016/j.bone.2009.07.078