Phosphorylation-Driven Assembly of the RIP1-RIP3 Complex Regulates Programmed Necrosis and Virus-Induced Inflammation

Programmed necrosis is a form of caspase-independent cell death whose molecular regulation is poorly understood. The kinase RIP1 is crucial for programmed necrosis, but also mediates activation of the prosurvival transcription factor NF-κB. We postulated that additional molecules are required to spe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cell 2009-06, Vol.137 (6), p.1112-1123
Main Authors: Cho, YoungSik, Challa, Sreerupa, Moquin, David, Genga, Ryan, Ray, Tathagat Dutta, Guildford, Melissa, Chan, Francis Ka-Ming
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
CELLBIO
GTPase-Activating Proteins - chemistry
GTPase-Activating Proteins - genetics
GTPase-Activating Proteins - metabolism
Humans
Jurkat Cells
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Mice, Knockout
Necrosis
NF-kappa B - metabolism
Phosphorylation
Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases - chemistry
Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases - genetics
Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases - metabolism
Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor - immunology
SIGNALING
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - immunology
Vaccinia - immunology
Vaccinia virus
Vaccinia virus - metabolism
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Summary:Programmed necrosis is a form of caspase-independent cell death whose molecular regulation is poorly understood. The kinase RIP1 is crucial for programmed necrosis, but also mediates activation of the prosurvival transcription factor NF-κB. We postulated that additional molecules are required to specifically activate programmed necrosis. Using a RNA interference screen, we identified the kinase RIP3 as a crucial activator for programmed necrosis induced by TNF and during virus infection. RIP3 regulates necrosis-specific RIP1 phosphorylation. The phosphorylation of RIP1 and RIP3 stabilizes their association within the pronecrotic complex, activates the pronecrotic kinase activity, and triggers downstream reactive oxygen species production. The pronecrotic RIP1-RIP3 complex is induced during vaccinia virus infection. Consequently, RIP3−/− mice exhibited severely impaired virus-induced tissue necrosis, inflammation, and control of viral replication. Our findings suggest that RIP3 controls programmed necrosis by initiating the pronecrotic kinase cascade, and that this is necessary for the inflammatory response against virus infections.
ISSN:0092-8674
1097-4172
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2009.05.037