Outer membrane proteins of pathogenic spirochetes

Pathogenic spirochetes are the causative agents of several important diseases including syphilis, Lyme disease, leptospirosis, swine dysentery, periodontal disease and some forms of relapsing fever. Spirochetal bacteria possess two membranes and the proteins present in the outer membrane are at the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:FEMS microbiology reviews 2004-06, Vol.28 (3), p.291-318
Main Authors: Cullen, Paul A, Haake, David A, Adler, Ben
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adhesins
Amino Acid Sequence
animal pathogenic bacteria
Antigenic Variation
Antigens
Bacterial diseases
Bacterial diseases of the genital system
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins - chemistry
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins - genetics
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins - immunology
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins - physiology
bacterial proteins
Biological and medical sciences
Biology
Dysentery
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Human bacterial diseases
Immune system
Immunity
Infectious diseases
Leptospirosis
Lipoproteins
literature reviews
Livestock
Localization
Lyme disease
Medical sciences
Membrane proteins
Membranes
Microbiology
Models, Molecular
Molecular Sequence Data
Mycology
Outer membrane proteins
Pathogenesis
Pathogenic spirochetes
Pathogenicity, host-agent relations, miscellaneous strains, epidemiology
Periodontal disease
Periodontal diseases
Porins
Porins - chemistry
Porins - genetics
Porins - immunology
Porins - physiology
Protein Conformation
Protein Sorting Signals - genetics
Proteins
Relapsing fever
Replicative cycle, interference, host-virus relations, pathogenicity, miscellaneous strains
Sexually transmitted diseases
Spirochaetales
Spirochaetales - genetics
Spirochaetales - pathogenicity
Spirochaetales - physiology
Spirochetes
STD
Surface exposure
Swine
Swine dysentery
Syphilis
Vaccines
Vector-borne diseases
Virology
Waterborne diseases
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Description
Summary:Pathogenic spirochetes are the causative agents of several important diseases including syphilis, Lyme disease, leptospirosis, swine dysentery, periodontal disease and some forms of relapsing fever. Spirochetal bacteria possess two membranes and the proteins present in the outer membrane are at the site of interaction with host tissue and the immune system. This review describes the current knowledge in the field of spirochetal outer membrane protein (OMP) biology. What is known concerning biogenesis and structure of OMPs, with particular regard to the atypical signal peptide cleavage sites observed amongst the spirochetes, is discussed. We examine the functions that have been determined for several spirochetal OMPs including those that have been demonstrated to function as adhesins, porins or to have roles in complement resistance. A detailed description of the role of spirochetal OMPs in immunity, including those that stimulate protective immunity or that are involved in antigenic variation, is given. A final section is included which covers experimental considerations in spirochetal outer membrane biology. This section covers contentious issues concerning cellular localization of putative OMPs, including determination of surface exposure. A more detailed knowledge of spirochetal OMP biology will hopefully lead to the design of new vaccines and a better understanding of spirochetal pathogenesis.
ISSN:0168-6445
1574-6976
1574-6976
DOI:10.1016/j.femsre.2003.10.004