State-Based Surveillance to Determine Trends in Meningococcal Disease

Objectives. Meningococcal disease (MD), is a leading cause of meningitis in the U.S. The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiology of MD in Oklahoma, including trends, high-risk populations, and outcomes. Methods. Cases from the statewide passive reporting system with disease onset bet...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Public health reports (1974) 2009-03, Vol.124 (2), p.280-287
Main Authors: Clarke, Carmen, Mallonee, Sue
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Age groups
Aged
Bacterial diseases
Bacterial diseases of the nervous system. Bacterial myositis
Biological and medical sciences
Child
Child, Preschool
Disease incidence rates
Disease outbreaks
Disease risk
Epidemiology
Female
Human bacterial diseases
Humans
Incidence
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Infectious diseases
Length of Stay - economics
Length of Stay - statistics & numerical data
Logistic Models
Male
Medical sciences
Meningitis, Meningococcal - epidemiology
Meningitis, Meningococcal - mortality
Meningitis, Meningococcal - prevention & control
Meningococcal Vaccines - administration & dosage
Middle Aged
Miscellaneous
Mortality
Multivariate Analysis
Neisseria meningitidis - isolation & purification
Neisseria meningitidis - pathogenicity
Oklahoma - epidemiology
Patient Discharge - statistics & numerical data
Patient Discharge - trends
Population Surveillance - methods
Predisposing factors
Preventive medicine
Public health
Public Health Administration - trends
Public Health Informatics
Public health. Hygiene
Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine
Risk Assessment - methods
Risk factors
Surveillance
Trends
Vaccination
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Summary:Objectives. Meningococcal disease (MD), is a leading cause of meningitis in the U.S. The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiology of MD in Oklahoma, including trends, high-risk populations, and outcomes. Methods. Cases from the statewide passive reporting system with disease onset between 1988 and 2004 were included; 2002–2004 cases were linked to hospital discharge data. We performed a multivariate logistic regression of variables predicting death. Results. There were 545 total cases (mean annual incidence rate 1.0/100,000); 13% died. Rates were highest for children younger than 2 years of age; black males had rates two times higher than the state rate and a different age distribution than other race-gender groups. Mean length of hospital stay was 12 days and mean charges were $37,724. For every 10 years of age, the risk of death increased 13% (adjusted odds ratio 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05, 1.22). People younger than age 40 who developed MD between October and February were 68% more likely to die than those who developed it in other months (rate ratio [RR] 1.68, 95% CI 1.39, 2.05); an increased risk of death during these months was not statistically significant in people aged 40 and older (RR 1.19, 95% CI 0.83, 1.69). Conclusion. Using statewide public health surveillance data to characterize the epidemiology of MD is important to understand local trends and risk factors.
ISSN:0033-3549
1468-2877
DOI:10.1177/003335490912400216