Omega-3 Fatty Acid Effect on Alveolar Bone Loss in Rats

Gingival inflammation and alveolar bone resorption are hallmarks of adult periodontitis, elicited in response to oral micro-organisms such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. We hypothesized that omega (ω)-3 fatty acids (FA) dietary supplementation would modulate inflammatory reactions leading to periodont...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of dental research 2006-07, Vol.85 (7), p.648-652
Main Authors: Kesavalu, L., Vasudevan, B., Raghu, B., Browning, E., Dawson, D., Novak, J. M., Correll, M.C., Steffen, M.J., Bhattacharya, A., Fernandes, G., Ebersole, J.L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alveolar Bone Loss - diagnostic imaging
Alveolar Bone Loss - microbiology
Alveolar Bone Loss - prevention & control
Analysis of Variance
Animals
Bacteroidaceae Infections - prevention & control
Dentistry
Dietary Supplements
Fatty Acids - blood
Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - therapeutic use
Female
Fish Oils - therapeutic use
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Porphyromonas gingivalis - isolation & purification
Radiography
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Summary:Gingival inflammation and alveolar bone resorption are hallmarks of adult periodontitis, elicited in response to oral micro-organisms such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. We hypothesized that omega (ω)-3 fatty acids (FA) dietary supplementation would modulate inflammatory reactions leading to periodontal disease in infected rats. Rats were fed fish oil (ω-3 FA) or corn oil (n-6 FA) diets for 22 weeks and were infected with P. gingivalis. Rats on the ω-3 FA diet exhibited elevated serum levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), documenting diet-induced changes. PCR analyses demonstrated that rats were orally colonized by P. gingivalis; increased IgG antibody levels substantiated this infection. P. gingivalis-infected rats treated with ω-3 FA had significantly less alveolar bone resorption. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of an ω-3 FA-supplemented diet in modulating alveolar bone resorption following P. gingivalis infection, and supported that ω-3 FA may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of periodontal disease. Abbreviations: PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; EPA, eicosapentanoic acid; DHA, docosahexanoic acid; and PCR, polymerase chain-reaction.
ISSN:0022-0345
1544-0591
DOI:10.1177/154405910608500713