Vaccinia Virus Utilizes Microtubules for Movement to the Cell Surface

Vaccinia virus (VV) egress has been studied using confocal, video, and electron microscopy. Previously, intracellular-enveloped virus (IEV) particles were proposed to induce the polymerization of actin tails, which propel IEV particles to the cell surface. However, data presented support an alternat...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of cell biology 2001-07, Vol.154 (2), p.389-402
Main Authors: Hollinshead, Michael, Rodger, Gaener, Van Eijl, Henriette, Law, Mansun, Hollinshead, Ruth, David J. T. Vaux, Smith, Geoffrey L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Actin Cytoskeleton - metabolism
Actins
Actins - metabolism
Animals
Biological Transport, Active - drug effects
Biological Transport, Active - physiology
Carrier Proteins
Cell Line
Cell Membrane - metabolism
Cell Membrane - ultrastructure
Cell Membrane - virology
Cell membranes
Cell surface extensions
Cells
Cellular biology
Endoribonucleases
Enzyme Inhibitors - pharmacology
Green Fluorescent Proteins
HeLa cells
Humans
Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
Luminescent Proteins - genetics
Membrane Glycoproteins - genetics
Microscopy
Microscopy, Confocal
Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy, Fluorescence
Microscopy, Phase-Contrast
Microtubules
Microtubules - metabolism
Microtubules - ultrastructure
Microtubules - virology
Mutation
Nocodazole - pharmacology
Phosphoprotein Phosphatases
Phosphorylation - drug effects
Proteins
Recombinant Fusion Proteins - genetics
Recombinant Fusion Proteins - metabolism
RNA-Binding Proteins - pharmacology
Scientific imaging
Time Factors
Tyrosine - metabolism
Vaccinia virus
Vaccinia virus - genetics
Vaccinia virus - metabolism
Vaccinia virus - ultrastructure
Viral Envelope Proteins - genetics
Viral Structural Proteins - metabolism
Virions
Viruses
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Vaccinia virus (VV) egress has been studied using confocal, video, and electron microscopy. Previously, intracellular-enveloped virus (IEV) particles were proposed to induce the polymerization of actin tails, which propel IEV particles to the cell surface. However, data presented support an alternative model in which microtubules transport virions to the cell surface and actin tails form beneath cell-associated enveloped virus (CEV) particles at the cell surface. Thus, VV is unique in using both microtubules and actin filaments for egress. The following data support this proposal. (a) Microscopy detected actin tails at the surface but not the center of cells. (b) VV mutants lacking the A33R, A34R, or A36R proteins are unable to induce actin tail formation but produce CEV and extracellular-enveloped virus. (c) CEV formation is inhibited by nocodazole but not cytochalasin D or 4-amino-5-(4-methylphenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine (PP1). (d) IEV particles tagged with the enhanced green fluorescent protein fused to the VV B5R protein moved inside cells at 60 μm/min. This movement was stop-start, was along defined pathways, and was inhibited reversibly by nocodazole. This velocity was 20-fold greater than VV movement on actin tails and consonant with the rate of movement of organelles along microtubules.
ISSN:0021-9525
1540-8140
DOI:10.1083/jcb.200104124