Neuropsychological Functioning in Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia

Background Some patients with bipolar disorder (BD) demonstrate neuropsychological deficits even when stable. However, it remains unclear whether these differ qualitatively from those seen in schizophrenia (SZ). Methods We compared the nature and severity of cognitive deficits shown by 106 patients...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biological psychiatry (1969) 2007-07, Vol.62 (2), p.179-186
Main Authors: Schretlen, David J, Cascella, Nicola G, Meyer, Stephen M, Kingery, Lisle R, Testa, S. Marc, Munro, Cynthia A, Pulver, Ann E, Rivkin, Paul, Rao, Vani A, Diaz-Asper, Catherine M, Dickerson, Faith B, Yolken, Robert H, Pearlson, Godfrey D
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Adult and adolescent clinical studies
Biological and medical sciences
Biomarker
bipolar disorder
Bipolar Disorder - diagnosis
Bipolar Disorder - psychology
Bipolar disorders
Cognition Disorders - diagnosis
Cognition Disorders - psychology
cognitive testing
Diagnosis, Differential
Female
Functional Laterality - physiology
Humans
Male
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Mood disorders
Neuropsychological Tests - statistics & numerical data
neuropsychology
Phenotype
Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychomotor Performance - physiology
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Psychoses
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia - diagnosis
Schizophrenic Psychology
Severity of Illness Index
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Summary:Background Some patients with bipolar disorder (BD) demonstrate neuropsychological deficits even when stable. However, it remains unclear whether these differ qualitatively from those seen in schizophrenia (SZ). Methods We compared the nature and severity of cognitive deficits shown by 106 patients with SZ and 66 patients with BD to 316 healthy adults (NC). All participants completed a cognitive battery with 19 individual measures. After adjusting their test performance for age, sex, race, education, and estimated premorbid IQ, we derived regression-based T-scores for each measure and the six cognitive domains. Results Both patient groups performed significantly worse than NCs on most (BD) or all (SZ) cognitive tests and domains. The resulting effect sizes ranged from .37 to 1.32 (mean = .97) across tests for SZ patients and from .23 to .87 (mean = .59) for BD patients. The Pearson correlation of these effect sizes was .71 ( p < .001). Conclusions Patients with bipolar disorder suffer from cognitive deficits that are milder but qualitatively similar to those of patients with schizophrenia. These findings support the notion that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder show greater phenotypic similarity in terms of the nature than severity of their neuropsychological deficits.
ISSN:0006-3223
1873-2402
DOI:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.09.025