Light cigarette smoking impairs coronary microvascular functions as severely as smoking regular cigarettes

Background:Smoking is the most prevalent and most preventable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Smoking low-tar, low-nicotine cigarettes (light cigarettes) would be expected to be less hazardous than smoking regular cigarettes owing to the lower nicotine and tar yield.Objective:To compare the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Heart (British Cardiac Society) 2007-10, Vol.93 (10), p.1274-1277
Main Authors: Gullu, Hakan, Caliskan, Mustafa, Ciftci, Ozgur, Erdogan, Dogan, Topcu, Semra, Yildirim, Erkan, Yildirir, Aylin, Muderrisoglu, Haldun
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acute Disease
Adult
Age
Alcohol
Biological and medical sciences
Biomedical research
Blood Flow Velocity - drug effects
Blood Flow Velocity - physiology
Carbon monoxide
Carbon Monoxide - analysis
Carbon Monoxide - pharmacology
Cardiology. Vascular system
Cardiovascular disease
Chronic Disease
Cigarettes
Coronary Circulation - drug effects
Coronary Circulation - physiology
Coronary Disease - etiology
Coronary Disease - physiopathology
coronary flow reserve
Coronary heart disease
Coronary vessels
Echocardiography
Endothelial Function
Endothelium
Female
Flow velocity
Ganglionic Stimulants - analysis
Ganglionic Stimulants - pharmacology
Health risk assessment
Heart
Heart rate
Humans
Light
light cigarettes
Male
Medical sciences
Menstruation
Microcirculation - drug effects
Microcirculation - physiology
Nicotine
Nicotine - analysis
Nicotine - pharmacology
Risk Factors
Smoking
Smoking - adverse effects
Smoking - physiopathology
Tars - analysis
Tars - pharmacology
Tobacco, tobacco smoking
Toxicology
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Summary:Background:Smoking is the most prevalent and most preventable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Smoking low-tar, low-nicotine cigarettes (light cigarettes) would be expected to be less hazardous than smoking regular cigarettes owing to the lower nicotine and tar yield.Objective:To compare the chronic and acute effects of light cigarette and regular cigarette smoking on coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR).Methods:20 regular cigarette smokers (mean (SD) age 24.8 (5.0)), 20 light cigarette smokers (mean age 25.6 (6.4)), and 22 non-smoker healthy volunteers (mean age 25.1 (4.2)) were included. First, each subject underwent echocardiographic examination, including CFVR measurement, after a 12 hour fasting and smokeless period. Two days later, each subject smoked two of their normal cigarettes in a closed room within 15 minutes. Finally, within 20–30 minutes, each subject underwent an echocardiographic examination, including CFVR measurement.Results:Mean (SD) CFVR values were similar in light cigarette and regular cigarette smokers and significantly lower than in the controls (2.68 (0.50), 2.65 (0.61), 3.11 (0.53), p = 0.013). Before and after smoking a paired t test showed that smoking two light cigarettes acutely decreased the CFVR from 2.68 (0.50) to 2.05 (0.43) (p = 0.001), and smoking of two regular cigarettes acutely decreased CFVR from 2.65 (0.61) to 2.18 (0.48) (p = 0.001).Conclusion:Smoking low-tar, low-nicotine cigarettes impairs the CFVR as severely as smoking regular cigarettes. CFVR values are similar in light cigarette and regular cigarette smokers and significantly lower than in controls.
ISSN:1355-6037
1468-201X
DOI:10.1136/hrt.2006.100255