Toxicology of Chloral Hydrate in the Mouse

Chloral hydrate has been found in our drinking water supplies at levels up to 5 μg/l. The purpose of this study was to evalute the acute and subchronic toxicology of chloral hydrate in the random-bred CD-1 mouse, to provide data for risk assessment. The acute oral LD50of this compound was 1442 and 1...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental health perspectives 1982-04, Vol.44, p.137-146
Main Authors: Sanders, Virginia M., Kauffmann, Bernadine M., White, Kimber L., Douglas, Kathryn A., Barnes, Donald W., Sain, Larry E., Bradshaw, Thomas J., Borzelleca, Joseph F., Munson, Albert E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Administration, Oral
Animals
Blood Coagulation
Body weight
Body Weight - drug effects
Chloral Hydrate - toxicity
Cytochromes
Dosage
Enzymes - blood
Female
Hydrates
Lethal Dose 50
Liver
Male
Mice
Microsomes, Liver - metabolism
Organ Size - drug effects
Potable water
Spleen
T tests
Time Factors
Toxicology
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Summary:Chloral hydrate has been found in our drinking water supplies at levels up to 5 μg/l. The purpose of this study was to evalute the acute and subchronic toxicology of chloral hydrate in the random-bred CD-1 mouse, to provide data for risk assessment. The acute oral LD50of this compound was 1442 and 1265 mg/kg in male and female mice, respectively. Acute toxicity appeared to be related to depression of the central nervous system. Fourteen-day exposure by gavage in male mice at doses 1/10 and 1/100 the LD50caused an increase in liver weight and a decrease in spleen weight at the highest dose level. Based on the data derived from 14 days of exposure, a 90-day study was performed. The compound was delivered via the drinking water; levels of the compound delivered per day were equivalent to those dosed in the 14-day study. The target organ in both sexes appeared to be the liver, with the males most affected. Male mice demonstrated a dose-related hepatomegaly accompanied by significant changes in serum chemistries and hepatic microsomal parameters. The females did not demonstrate the hepatomegaly observed in males, but did show alterations in hepatic microsomal parameters. No other significant toxicological changes were observed in either sex following 90 days of exposure.
ISSN:0091-6765
1552-9924
DOI:10.1289/ehp.8244137