Emergence of Distinct Genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum in Structured Host Populations

Cryptosporidium parvum is an apicomplexan parasite that infects humans and ruminants. C. parvum isolated from cattle in northeastern Turkey and in Israel was genotyped using multiple polymorphic genetic markers, and the two populations were compared to assess the effect of cattle husbandry on the pa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2006-04, Vol.72 (4), p.2507-2513
Main Authors: Tanriverdi, Sultan, Markovics, Alex, Arslan, M. Özkan, Itik, Aysel, Shkap, Varda, Widmer, Giovanni
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal Husbandry - methods
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Cattle
cattle diseases
Cattle Diseases - epidemiology
Cattle Diseases - parasitology
Cattle Diseases - transmission
cryptosporidiosis
Cryptosporidiosis - parasitology
Cryptosporidiosis - veterinary
Cryptosporidium parvum
Cryptosporidium parvum - classification
Cryptosporidium parvum - genetics
Cryptosporidium parvum - isolation & purification
dairy cattle
dairy herds
DNA, Protozoan - analysis
Evolutionary and Genomic Microbiology
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
genetic markers
Genetic research
genetic variation
Genotype
geographical distribution
Host-Parasite Interactions
Humans
Israel - epidemiology
Linkage Disequilibrium
Microbiology
microsatellite repeats
Microsatellite Repeats - genetics
minisatellite repeats
multilocus genotype
Parasites
Polymorphism
Ruminantia
Species Specificity
Turkey - epidemiology
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Summary:Cryptosporidium parvum is an apicomplexan parasite that infects humans and ruminants. C. parvum isolated from cattle in northeastern Turkey and in Israel was genotyped using multiple polymorphic genetic markers, and the two populations were compared to assess the effect of cattle husbandry on the parasite's population structure. Dairy herds in Israel are permanently confined with essentially no opportunity for direct herd-to-herd transmission, whereas in Turkey there are more opportunities for transmission as animals range over wider areas and are frequently traded. A total of 76 C. parvum isolates from 16 locations in Israel and seven farms in the Kars region in northeastern Turkey were genotyped using 16 mini- and microsatellite markers. Significantly, in both countries distinct multilocus genotypes confined to individual farms were detected. The number of genotypes per farm was higher and mixed isolates were more frequent in Turkey than in Israel. As expected from the presence of distinct multilocus genotypes in individual herds, linkage disequilibrium among loci was detected in Israel. Together, these observations show that genetically distinct populations of C. parvum can emerge within a group of hosts in a relatively short time. This may explain the frequent detection of host-specific genotypes with unknown taxonomic status in surface water and the existence of geographically restricted C. hominis genotypes in humans.
ISSN:0099-2240
1098-5336
DOI:10.1128/AEM.72.4.2507-2513.2006