Adjuvant immunotherapy for melanoma patients: progress and opportunities

The majority of patients who are diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma are candidates for surgical resection and thus curable from their disease. However, the risk for a recurrence is high for many patients, including those with lymph node-negative melanoma, thus necessitating additional therapies beyon...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:ESMO open 2024-05, Vol.9 (5), p.102962-102962, Article 102962
Main Authors: Sussman, T.A., Ott, P.A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adjuvant
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant - methods
Humans
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - pharmacology
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - therapeutic use
immunotherapy
Immunotherapy - methods
melanoma
Melanoma - immunology
Melanoma - therapy
neoadjuvant
PD-1 inhibition
Review
Skin Neoplasms - immunology
Skin Neoplasms - therapy
T cells
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Summary:The majority of patients who are diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma are candidates for surgical resection and thus curable from their disease. However, the risk for a recurrence is high for many patients, including those with lymph node-negative melanoma, thus necessitating additional therapies beyond surgery. With the advent of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-based immunotherapies, which are vastly more effective compared to previous standard-of-care treatments in the advanced setting, the landscape of adjuvant therapy has fundamentally changed in recent years. Anti-PD-1-based immune checkpoint inhibition therapy is now the standard of care for many patients with stage IIB or higher melanoma. Neoadjuvant approaches have demonstrated superior outcomes compared to adjuvant-alone therapy. However, a number of questions remain including treatment combinations such as combined anti-PD-1 + lymphocyte activation gene-3, optimal sequencing of therapies, and the use of predictive markers to further improve outcomes for patients with high-risk melanoma. •The immunotherapeutic treatment landscape for patients with high-risk melanoma has increased in complexity at a rapid pace.•Neoadjuvant immunotherapy has an increasingly important role in patients with high-risk surgically resectable melanoma.•Identifying the most effective therapeutic regimen in the adjuvant setting will require additional randomized studies.•Novel checkpoint inhibitors, personalized vaccines, and better predictive tools are on the horizon.
ISSN:2059-7029
2059-7029
DOI:10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.102962