Culturable Streptomyces spp. from high-altitude, oligotrophic North Western Himalaya: a comprehensive study on the diversity, bioactivity and insights into the proteome of potential species

Abstract The increasing global concern of antimicrobial resistance and shortage of new antimicrobials necessitates exploring untapped terrestrial environments for new bioactive microbiome diversity. The low-temperature and oligotrophic North Western Himalaya (NWH) region has a vast diversity of Stre...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:FEMS microbiology ecology 2024-03, Vol.100 (4)
Main Authors: Bhat, Aasif Majeed, Hussain, Aehtesham, Hassan, Qazi Parvaiz, Bhat, Adil
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Altitude
Anti-Bacterial Agents - metabolism
Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology
Anti-Infective Agents - metabolism
Antibiotics
Antimicrobial agents
Antimicrobial resistance
Bio-assays
Bioassays
Biological activity
Business competition
Clustering
Culture media
Drug resistance
High altitude
High-altitude environments
Himalayas
Low temperature
Microbiomes
Minimum inhibitory concentration
Pathogens
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Proteome
Proteomes
Proteomics
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics
Species diversity
Streptomyces
Streptomyces - genetics
Streptomyces - metabolism
Terrestrial environments
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Summary:Abstract The increasing global concern of antimicrobial resistance and shortage of new antimicrobials necessitates exploring untapped terrestrial environments for new bioactive microbiome diversity. The low-temperature and oligotrophic North Western Himalaya (NWH) region has a vast diversity of Streptomyces with potential antimicrobial properties that remain largely unexplored. This study evaluates the diversity of culturable Streptomyces from high-altitude NWH and their potential as a source of new antimicrobials through genus-specific isolation and identification. The results demonstrate a distinct phylogenetic clustering of Streptomyces from different sampling regions of NWH, site-specific variation in culturable β-diversity and species commonness with varying intersite bioactivity among different sites. Further, the study optimized the media selection for large-scale culture cultivation in antibiotic production processes and demonstrated the antimicrobial efficacy of Streptomyces against a range of pathogens through in vitro bioassays using minimum inhibitory concentration determination and antibiofilm activity. Untargeted label-free proteomic profiling also revealed variable expression of stress-response proteins and antibiotic regulators as a competitive survival strategy for selective antagonistic Streptomyces. The findings highlight the potential of NWH in augmenting antimicrobial discovery and combating antimicrobial resistance through the isolation and study of novel bioactive Streptomyces. Streptomyces species from habitats of North Western Himalaya display distinct phylogenetic pattern distribution, bioactivity and varied stress-response proteins.
ISSN:1574-6941
0168-6496
1574-6941
DOI:10.1093/femsec/fiae026