Growth and adiposity in newborns study (GAINS): The influence of prenatal DHA supplementation protocol

Obesity and central fat mass (FM) accrual drive disease development and are related to greater morbidity and mortality. Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) increases fetal fat accretion resulting in greater offspring FM across the lifespan. Studies associate greater maternal docosahexaenoic acid...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Contemporary clinical trials 2023-09, Vol.132, p.107279-107279, Article 107279
Main Authors: Hull, Holly R., Gajewski, Byron J., Sullivan, Debra K., Carson, Susan E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adipose tissue distribution
Adiposity
Body composition
Dietary Supplements
Docosahexaenoic acid
Docosahexaenoic Acids - therapeutic use
Female
Gestational Weight Gain
Growth
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Obesity
Pregnancy
Premature Birth - prevention & control
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Vitamins
Weight Gain
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Summary:Obesity and central fat mass (FM) accrual drive disease development and are related to greater morbidity and mortality. Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) increases fetal fat accretion resulting in greater offspring FM across the lifespan. Studies associate greater maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels with lower offspring FM and lower visceral adipose tissue during childhood, however, most U.S. pregnant women do not consume an adequate amount of DHA. We will determine if prenatal DHA supplementation is protective for body composition changes during infancy and toddlerhood in offspring exposed to excessive GWG. Infants born to women who participated in the Assessment of DHA on Reducing Early Preterm Birth randomized controlled trial (ADORE; NCT 02626299) will be invited to participate. Women were randomized to either a high 1000 mg or low 200 mg daily prenatal DHA supplement starting in the first trimester of pregnancy. Offspring body composition and adipose tissue distribution will be measured at 2 weeks, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Maternal GWG will be categorized as excessive or not excessive based on clinical guidelines. Effective strategies to prevent obesity development are lacking. Exposures during the prenatal period are important in the establishment of the offspring phenotype. However, it is largely unknown which exposures can be successfully targeted to have a meaningful impact. This study will determine if prenatal DHA supplementation modifies the relationship between maternal weight gain and offspring FM and FM distribution at 24 months of age. The University of Kansas Medical Center Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved the study protocol (STUDY00140895). The results of the trial will be disseminated at conferences and in peer reviewed publications. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03310983
ISSN:1551-7144
1559-2030
DOI:10.1016/j.cct.2023.107279