Smoking during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose To investigate whether maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is a risk factor for developing GDM. Methods MEDLINE, Scopus, CENTRAL and Google Scholar databases were searched from inception to December 2022 to identify eligible original articles. A systematic review and meta-analysis (w...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Endocrine 2023-11, Vol.82 (2), p.250-262
Main Authors: Athanasiadou, Kleoniki I., Paschou, Stavroula A., Papakonstantinou, Evgenia, Vasileiou, Vasiliki, Kanouta, Fotini, Kazakou, Paraskevi, Stefanaki, Katerina, Kassi, Georgia N., Psaltopoulou, Theodora, Goulis, Dimitrios G., Anastasiou, Eleni
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cigarette smoking
Cigarette Smoking - adverse effects
Cigarette Smoking - epidemiology
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes, Gestational - diagnosis
Diabetes, Gestational - epidemiology
Diabetes, Gestational - etiology
Endocrinology
Female
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Internal Medicine
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Meta- Analysis
multidisciplinary
Pregnancy
Pregnancy complications
Risk factors
Science
Smoking
Systematic review
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Summary:Purpose To investigate whether maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is a risk factor for developing GDM. Methods MEDLINE, Scopus, CENTRAL and Google Scholar databases were searched from inception to December 2022 to identify eligible original articles. A systematic review and meta-analysis (weighted data, random-effects model) were performed. The primary outcome was the development of GDM in pregnant women. The results were expressed as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) (inverse variance method). Subgroup analysis was planned according to the maternal smoking status and GDM diagnostic criteria. Statistical heterogeneity was checked with the Chi-squared (Chi 2 ) test and the I 2 index was used to quantify it. The studies were evaluated for publication bias. Results Thirty-five studies, including 23,849,696 pregnant women, met the inclusion criteria. The pooled OR of smoking during pregnancy compared with non-smoking (never smokers and former smokers) was 1.06 (95% CI 0.95–1.19), p = 0.30; I 2  = 90%; Chi 2  = 344; df=34; p 
ISSN:1559-0100
1355-008X
1559-0100
DOI:10.1007/s12020-023-03423-6