The damaging duo: Obesity and excess dietary salt contribute to hypertension and cardiovascular disease

Summary Hypertension is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among adults worldwide. In this review, we focus on two of the most critical public health challenges that contribute to hypertension—obesity and excess dietary sodium from...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Obesity reviews 2023-08, Vol.24 (8), p.e13589-n/a
Main Authors: Watso, Joseph C., Fancher, Ibra S., Gomez, Dulce H., Hutchison, Zachary J., Gutiérrez, Orlando M., Robinson, Austin T.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Blood Pressure
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control
Diet
dietary sodium
Energy intake
Food processing
Health risks
Humans
Hypertension
Insulin
Insulin resistance
Kidney diseases
Obesity
Obesity - complications
Processed foods
Public health
Risk factors
Salt
Salts
Sodium chloride
Sodium Chloride, Dietary - adverse effects
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Summary:Summary Hypertension is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among adults worldwide. In this review, we focus on two of the most critical public health challenges that contribute to hypertension—obesity and excess dietary sodium from salt (i.e., sodium chloride). While the independent effects of these factors have been studied extensively, the interplay of obesity and excess salt overconsumption is not well understood. Here, we discuss both the independent and combined effects of excess obesity and dietary salt given their contributions to vascular dysfunction, autonomic cardiovascular dysregulation, kidney dysfunction, and insulin resistance. We discuss the role of ultra‐processed foods—accounting for nearly 60% of energy intake in America—as a major contributor to both obesity and salt overconsumption. We highlight the influence of obesity on elevated blood pressure in the presence of a high‐salt diet (i.e., salt sensitivity). Throughout the review, we highlight critical gaps in knowledge that should be filled to inform us of the prevention, management, treatment, and mitigation strategies for addressing these public health challenges.
ISSN:1467-7881
1467-789X
1467-789X
DOI:10.1111/obr.13589