Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes in Alexandria and North-West Delta, Egypt

Purpose The purpose of this research was to estimate the prevalence of DR in Alexandria and the North-West Delta region. Methods All diabetic patients attending the general ophthalmology clinics (Group 1), diabetic internal medicine clinics (Group 2), or reached out in the local communities (Group 3...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International ophthalmology 2023-08, Vol.43 (8), p.2883-2895
Main Authors: Elmassry, Ahmed, Ahmed, Islam S. H., Adly, Noha, Torki, Marwan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Age
Aged
Blood
Blood Glucose
Community participation
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications
Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetic Retinopathy - complications
Diabetic Retinopathy - diagnosis
Diabetic Retinopathy - epidemiology
Egypt - epidemiology
Glucose
Humans
Hyperglycemia
Local communities
Macular Degeneration - complications
Male
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Middle Aged
Multivariate analysis
Ophthalmology
Original Paper
Prevalence
Retinopathy
Risk Factors
Citations: Items that this one cites
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Summary:Purpose The purpose of this research was to estimate the prevalence of DR in Alexandria and the North-West Delta region. Methods All diabetic patients attending the general ophthalmology clinics (Group 1), diabetic internal medicine clinics (Group 2), or reached out in the local communities (Group 3) were eligible to participate. Fundus photographs were graded according to the Scottish DR grading system by three independent UK-certified graders. Adjudication by a consultant was done when needed. Results Out of 11,033 screened patients, 10,811 had a gradable fundus photograph in at least one eye and were included. The numbers of cases in groups 1, 2 and 3 were 3940, 2826, and 4045, respectively. Males represented 38.35% of the cases. Mean age was 55 ± 12.63. For the whole sample, groups 1, 2 and 3, the DR prevalence was 32.49, 46.4%, 29.13%, and 21.29%, respectively. The prevalence of proliferative DR (grade R4) was 6.16%, 11.83%, 5.02%, and 1.45%, respectively, and of referable maculopathy (Grade M2) was 19.95%, 31.42%, 15.92%, and 11.59%, respectively. In univariate analysis, older age, higher random blood glucose, and longer DM duration were associated with a higher risk of both DR and referable diabetic maculopathy. This association was maintained in multivariate analysis for the high random blood glucose level and the longer duration of DM (but not for the older age). Conclusion A significantly higher prevalence of DR, grades R4 and M2 was found in the hospital-recruited patients than in diabetics from the local communities. Graphical abstract
ISSN:1573-2630
0165-5701
1573-2630
DOI:10.1007/s10792-023-02692-4