Intraosseous injection of mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the immature femoral head and prevention of head deformity: A study in a pig model

Background: Cell therapy has been proposed as part of the therapeutic arsenal to assist bone formation and remodeling in the early stages of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of intraosseous inoculation of mesenchymal stem cells on bone formatio...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Science progress (1916) 2023-04, Vol.106 (2), p.368504231179790-368504231179790
Main Authors: Martínez-Álvarez, Sergio, Galán-Olleros, María, Azorín-Cuadrillero, Daniel, Palazón-Quevedo, Ángel, González-Murillo, África, Melen-Frajlich, Gustavo J, Ramírez-Orellana, Manuel, Epeldegui-Torre, Tomás, Forriol, Francisco
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biomedical materials
Bone growth
Bone healing
Bone remodeling
Cancellous bone
Cell therapy
Femur
Femur Head
Flattening
Healing
Hip
Injection
Inoculation
Medicine & Health Sciences
Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Necrosis
Osteogenesis
Osteonecrosis
Pelvis
Saline solutions
Stem cells
Surgery
Swine
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Background: Cell therapy has been proposed as part of the therapeutic arsenal to assist bone formation and remodeling in the early stages of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of intraosseous inoculation of mesenchymal stem cells on bone formation and remodeling in an established experimental model of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in immature pigs. Methods: Thirty-one 4-week-old immature Yorkshire pigs were used. Experimental osteonecrosis of the femoral head was created in the right hip of all included animals (n  =  31). The month after surgery, hip and pelvis radiographs were taken to confirm osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Four animals were excluded following surgery. Two groups were established: (A) mesenchymal stem cell-treated group (n  =  13) and (B) saline-treated group (n  =  14). One month after surgery the mesenchymal stem cell-group received an intraosseous injection of 10  ×  106 mesenchymal stem cell (5 cc) and the saline-treated group of 5 cc of physiological saline solution. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head progression was assessed by monthly X-rays (1-, 2-, 3- and 4-months post-surgery). The animals were sacrificed 1 or 3 months following the intraosseous injection. Repair tissue and osteonecrosis of the femoral head were histologically evaluated immediately after sacrifice. Results: At time of sacrifice, radiographic images showed evident osteonecrosis of the femoral head with associated severe femoral head deformity in 11 of the 14 animals (78%) in the saline group and in only 2 of the 13 animals (15%) in the mesenchymal stem cell group. Histologically, the mesenchymal stem cell group showed less osteonecrosis of the femoral head and less flattening. In the saline group, there was pronounced femoral head flattening and the damaged epiphyseal trabecular bone was largely replaced with fibrovascular tissue. Conclusion: Intraosseous mesenchymal stem cells inoculation improved bone healing and remodeling in our immature pig osteonecrosis of the femoral head model. This work supports further investigation to determine whether mesenchymal stem cells enhance the healing process in immature osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
ISSN:0036-8504
2047-7163
DOI:10.1177/00368504231179790