Isolation and Differentiation of Neurons and Glial Cells from Olfactory Epithelium in Living Subjects

The study of psychiatric and neurological diseases requires the substrate in which the disorders occur, that is, the nervous tissue. Currently, several types of human bio-specimens are being used for research, including postmortem brains, cerebrospinal fluid, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, an...

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Published in:Molecular neurobiology 2023-08, Vol.60 (8), p.4472-4487
Main Authors: Unzueta-Larrinaga, Paula, Barrena-Barbadillo, Rocío, Ibarra-Lecue, Inés, Horrillo, Igor, Villate, Aitor, Recio, Maria, Meana, J. Javier, Diez-Alarcia, Rebeca, Mentxaka, Oihane, Segarra, Rafael, Etxebarria, Nestor, Callado, Luis F., Urigüen, Leyre
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Basement Membrane - cytology
Biomarkers - analysis
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Brain research
Cell Adhesion
Cell Biology
Cell culture
Cell Culture Techniques - methods
Cell Differentiation
Cell Proliferation
Cell Separation - methods
Cells, Cultured
Cerebrospinal fluid
Culture Media - chemistry
Flow Cytometry
Glial cells
Humans
Immunohistochemistry
Magnetics
Mental disorders
Neural Stem Cells - cytology
Neurobiology
Neurogenesis
Neuroglia - cytology
Neurological diseases
Neurology
Neuronal-glial interactions
Neurons - cytology
Neurosciences
Neurospheres
Olfactory epithelium
Olfactory Mucosa - cytology
Olfactory receptor neurons
Organ Specificity
Original
Original Article
Pluripotency
Sensory neurons
Stem cells
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Summary:The study of psychiatric and neurological diseases requires the substrate in which the disorders occur, that is, the nervous tissue. Currently, several types of human bio-specimens are being used for research, including postmortem brains, cerebrospinal fluid, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, and induced neuronal (iN) cells. However, these samples are far from providing a useful predictive, diagnostic, or prognostic biomarker. The olfactory epithelium is a region close to the brain that has received increased interest as a research tool for the study of brain mechanisms in complex neuropsychiatric and neurological diseases. The olfactory sensory neurons are replaced by neurogenesis throughout adult life from stem cells on the basement membrane. These stem cells are multipotent and can be propagated in neurospheres, proliferated in vitro and differentiated into multiple cell types including neurons and glia. For all these reasons, olfactory epithelium provides a unique resource for investigating neuronal molecular markers of neuropsychiatric and neurological diseases. Here, we describe the isolation and culture of human differentiated neurons and glial cells from olfactory epithelium of living subjects by an easy and non-invasive exfoliation method that may serve as a useful tool for the research in brain diseases.
ISSN:0893-7648
1559-1182
DOI:10.1007/s12035-023-03363-2