Expansion of large granular lymphocytes after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Expansion of large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) is sometimes observed in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients, and is reported to be associated with a favorable transplant outcome. LGLs are also observed after autologous HSCT, but their clinical implications have not b...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of hematology 2023-06, Vol.117 (6), p.839-844
Main Authors: Yoshida, Mina, Matsuda, Kensuke, Taoka, Kazuki, Honda, Akira, Maki, Hiroaki, Masamoto, Yosuke, Jona, Masahiro, Nishikawa, Masako, Yatomi, Yutaka, Kurokawa, Mineo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Autografts
Cytomegalovirus
Hematology
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation - adverse effects
Hematopoietic stem cells
Humans
Leukocytes
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes - pathology
Lymphocytosis
Lymphocytosis - pathology
Lymphoma
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Myeloma
Oncology
Original
Original Article
Peripheral blood
Retrospective Studies
Stem cell transplantation
Stem cells
Survival
Transplantation
Transplantation, Autologous
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Summary:Expansion of large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) is sometimes observed in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients, and is reported to be associated with a favorable transplant outcome. LGLs are also observed after autologous HSCT, but their clinical implications have not been well investigated. We retrospectively reviewed peripheral blood smears of consecutive autologous HSCT recipients. LGL lymphocytosis was defined as the observation of LGLs in the peripheral blood (> 20% white blood cells) in at least two consecutive blood tests. We evaluated the clinical impact of LGL lymphocytosis on autologous HSCT recipients. LGL lymphocytosis was observed in 18 of 197 patients (9.1%) who received autologous HSCT, at a median of 49 days after transplantation, with a median duration of 120.5 days. Incidence of cytomegalovirus reactivation was significantly higher in patients with LGL lymphocytosis than those without (16.7% vs. 3.3%, p  = 0.038). No significant difference in survival rates was observed between groups (3 year OS 90.9% vs. 90.5%, p  = 0.793 for lymphoma; 100 vs. 92.4%, p  = 0.328 for myeloma). LGL lymphocytosis was observed in almost 10% of autologous HSCT recipients. In contrast to allogeneic HSCT, the duration of LGL was shorter and no significant improvement in survival was observed.
ISSN:0925-5710
1865-3774
DOI:10.1007/s12185-023-03540-y