Instigation of the epoch of nanovaccines in cancer immunotherapy

Cancer is an unprecedented proliferation of cells leading to abnormalities in differentiation and maturation. Treatment of primary and metastatic cancer is challenging. In addition to surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapies have been conventionally used; however, they suffer from severe toxici...

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Published in:Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology 2023-05, Vol.15 (3), p.e1870-n/a
Main Authors: Shah, Saurabh, Famta, Paras, Tiwari, Vinod, Kotha, Arun K., Kashikar, Rama, Chougule, Mahavir Bhupal, Chung, Young Hun, Steinmetz, Nicole F., Uddin, Mohammad, Singh, Shashi Bala, Srivastava, Saurabh
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abnormalities
Animals
Biocompatibility
Cancer
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer therapies
Cancer vaccines
Cancer Vaccines - therapeutic use
Cell differentiation
Cell proliferation
Chemotherapy
dendritic cells
Humans
Immunogenicity
Immunology
Immunomodulation
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy - methods
Inorganic materials
Lipids
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
Mammals
Metastases
Nanomedicine
Nanoparticles
Nanoparticles - therapeutic use
Nanotechnology
nanovaccine
Neoplasms - therapy
Phages
Plant viruses
Polymers
Radiation
Radiation therapy
Toxicity
Tumor Microenvironment
Vaccine development
Vaccines
Viruses
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Summary:Cancer is an unprecedented proliferation of cells leading to abnormalities in differentiation and maturation. Treatment of primary and metastatic cancer is challenging. In addition to surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapies have been conventionally used; however, they suffer from severe toxicity and non‐specificity. Immunotherapy, the science of programming the body's own defense system against cancer has gained tremendous attention in the last few decades. However, partial immunogenic stimulation, premature degradation and inability to activate dendritic and helper T cells has resulted in limited clinical success. The era of nanomedicine has brought about several breakthroughs in various pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. Hereby, we review and discuss the interplay of tumor microenvironment (TME) and the immunological cascade and how they can be employed to develop nanoparticle‐based cancer vaccines and immunotherapies. Nanoparticles composed of lipids, polymers and inorganic materials contain useful properties suitable for vaccine development. Proteinaceous vaccines derived from mammalian viruses, bacteriophages and plant viruses also have unique advantages due to their immunomodulation capabilities. This review accounts for all such considerations. Additionally, we explore how attributes of nanotechnology can be utilized to develop successful nanomedicine‐based vaccines for cancer therapy. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Emergence of the epoch of nanovaccines in reprogramming the body's immune system for prophylactic and therapeutic potential against cancer.
ISSN:1939-5116
1939-0041
DOI:10.1002/wnan.1870