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Captive Breeding and Trichomonas gallinae Alter the Oral Microbiome of Bonelli’s Eagle Chicks
Bonelli’s eagle ( Aquila fasciata ) is an endangered raptor species in Europe, and trichomonosis is one of the menaces affecting chicks at nest. In this paper, we attempt to describe the oral microbiome of Bonelli’s eagle nestlings and evaluate the influence of several factors, such as captivity bre...
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Published in: | Microbial ecology 2023-05, Vol.85 (4), p.1541-1551 |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Bonelli’s eagle (
Aquila fasciata
) is an endangered raptor species in Europe, and trichomonosis is one of the menaces affecting chicks at nest. In this paper, we attempt to describe the oral microbiome of Bonelli’s eagle nestlings and evaluate the influence of several factors, such as captivity breeding,
Trichomonas gallinae
infection, and the presence of lesions at the oropharynx. The core oral microbiome of Bonelli’s eagle is composed of Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria as the most abundant phyla, and
Megamonas
and
Bacteroides
as the most abundant genera. None of the factors analysed showed a significant influence on alfa diversity, but beta diversity was affected for some of them. Captivity breeding exerted a high influence on the composition of the oral microbiome, with significant differences in the four most abundant phyla, with a relative increase of Proteobacteria and a decrease of the other three phyla in comparison with chicks bred at nest. Some genera were more abundant in captivity bred chicks, such as
Escherichia
-
Shigella
,
Enterococcus
,
Lactobacillus
,
Corynebacterium
,
Clostridium
and
Staphylococcus
, while
Bacteroides
,
Oceanivirga
,
Peptostreptococcus
,
Gemella
,
Veillonella
,
Mycoplasma
,
Suttonella
,
Alloscardovia
,
Varibaculum
and
Campylobacter
were more abundant in nest raised chicks
. T. gallinae
infection slightly influenced the composition of the microbiome, but chicks displaying trichomonosis lesions had a higher relative abundance of
Bacteroides
and
Gemella
, being the last one an opportunistic pathogen of abscess complications in humans. Raptor’s microbiomes are scarcely studied. This is the first study on the factors that influence the oral microbiome of Bonelli’s eagle. |
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ISSN: | 0095-3628 1432-184X |
DOI: | 10.1007/s00248-022-02002-y |