The long‐term effects of primary school‐based obesity prevention interventions in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Summary Introduction This systematic review and meta‐analysis investigate the long‐term effects of primary school‐based obesity prevention interventions on body‐mass index (and z‐scores), waist circumference (and z‐scores) and weight status. Methods Four databases were searched for studies from date...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pediatric obesity 2023-03, Vol.18 (3), p.e12997-n/a
Main Authors: Smit, Michel S., Boelens, Mirte, Mölenberg, Famke J. M., Raat, Hein, Jansen, Wilma
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Body Mass Index
Child
Childrens health
Diet
elementary school
Exercise
Humans
lifestyle
Meta-analysis
Obesity
Obesity - prevention & control
Pediatrics
prevention
program
Review
Schools
sustained effect
Systematic review
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Summary:Summary Introduction This systematic review and meta‐analysis investigate the long‐term effects of primary school‐based obesity prevention interventions on body‐mass index (and z‐scores), waist circumference (and z‐scores) and weight status. Methods Four databases were searched for studies from date of inception until June 8th, 2021. We included randomized controlled trials (RCT) and non‐RCTs investigating effects ≥12 months post‐intervention of primary school‐based interventions with intervention duration ≥6 months and containing a diet and/or physical activity component on outcomes of interest. Articles were assessed on risk of bias and methodological quality by RoB2 and ROBINS‐I. Meta‐analysis was performed and results were narratively summarized. Evidence quality was assessed with GRADE. Results Nineteen studies were included, 9 were pooled in a meta‐analysis. No long‐term effects were found on body‐mass index (+0.06 kg/m2; CI95% = −0.38, 0.50; I2 = 66%), body‐mass index z‐scores (−0.08; CI95% = −0.20, 0.04; I2 = 36%), and waist circumference (+0.57 cm; CI95% = −0.62, 1.75; I2 = 13%). Non‐pooled studies reported mixed findings regarding long‐term effects on body‐mass index, body‐mass index z‐scores and weight status, and no effects on waist circumference and waist circumference z‐scores. Evidence certainty was moderate to very low. Discussion No clear evidence regarding long‐term effects of primary school‐based interventions on obesity‐related outcomes was found. Recommendations for further research and policy are discussed. Prospero registration ID: CRD42021240446.
ISSN:2047-6302
2047-6310
DOI:10.1111/ijpo.12997