Effect and Mechanism of Eliminating Staphylococcus aureus by Electron Beam Irradiation and Reducing the Toxicity of Its Metabolites

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanism of sterilization of Staphylococcus aureus by electron beam irradiation (0.5-, 1-, 2-, 4-, and 6-kGy treatments) and whether it reduces the toxicity of its fermentation supernatant. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of sterilization o...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Applied and environmental microbiology 2023-03, Vol.89 (3), p.e0207522-e0207522
Main Authors:	Chang, Guanhong, Luo, Zonghong, Zhang, Yao, Xu, Xu, Zhou, Ting, Wang, Xin
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Animal models Animals Anti-Bacterial Agents Bacteriology Biofilms Cell culture Cytoplasmic membranes Cytotoxicity Deactivation Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA Electron beams Electron irradiation Electrons Fermentation Food irradiation Food Irradiation - methods Food Microbiology Irradiation Membrane potential Membranes Metabolites Mice Radiation damage Radiation dosage Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus - radiation effects Sterilization Suckling behavior Suspension culture Toxicity Wounds
Online Access:	Get full text
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Description
Summary:	The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanism of sterilization of Staphylococcus aureus by electron beam irradiation (0.5-, 1-, 2-, 4-, and 6-kGy treatments) and whether it reduces the toxicity of its fermentation supernatant. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of sterilization of S. aureus by electron beam irradiation using colony count, membrane potential, intracellular ATP, and UV absorbance measurements; we used hemolytic, cytotoxic, and suckling mouse wound models to verify that electron beam irradiation reduced the toxicity of the S. aureus fermentation supernatant. The results showed that 2 kGy of electron beam irradiation treatment completely inactivated S. aureus in suspension culture, and 4 kGy inactivated cells in S. aureus biofilms. This study suggests that the bactericidal effect of electron beam irradiation on S. aureus may be attributed to reversible damage to the cytoplasmic membrane, resulting in its leakage and the significant degradation of genomic DNA. The combined results of hemolytic, cytotoxic, and suckling mouse wound models demonstrated that the toxicity of S. aureus metabolites was significantly reduced when the electron beam irradiation dose was 4 kGy. In summary, electron beam irradiation has the potential to control S. aureus and reduce its toxic metabolites in food. Electron beam irradiation of >1 kGy damaged the cytoplasmic membrane, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) penetrated the cells. Electron beam irradiation of >4 kGy reduces the combined toxicity of virulent proteins produced by Staphylococcus aureus. Electron beam irradiation of >4 kGy can be used to inactivate Staphylococcus aureus and biofilms on milk.
ISSN:	0099-2240 1098-5336