Retrotransposons of rice involved in mutations induced by tissue culture

Five retrotransposon families of rice (Tos1-Tos5) have been reported previously. Here we report 15 new retrotransposon families of rice (Tos6-Tos20). In contrast to yeast and Drosophila retrotransposons, all of the rice retrotransposons examined appear inactive (or almost inactive) under normal grow...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 1996-07, Vol.93 (15), p.7783-7788
Main Authors: Hirochika, Hirohiko, Sugimoto, Kazuhiko, Otsuki, Yoshiaki, Tsugawa, Hidehito, Kanda, Mari
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino Acid Sequence
Amino acids
Animals
arn
Base Sequence
Cell lines
Cells, Cultured
chemical composition
Cloning, Molecular
composicion quimica
composition chimique
Consensus Sequence
cultivo de tejidos
culture de tissu
Culture Techniques - methods
Cultured cells
DNA Primers
Drosophila - genetics
gene
Genes
Genetic mutation
Genetic transposition
genetica
Genetics
genetique
Molecular Sequence Data
mutacion
Mutagenesis
Mutation
nucleotide sequence
Oryza - cytology
Oryza - genetics
Oryza sativa
Plants
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
Retroelements
Retrotransposons
reverse transcriptase
Rice
RNA
Saccharomyces cerevisiae - genetics
secuencia nucleotidica
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
sequence nucleotidique
tissue culture
transcripcion
transcriptasa inversa
transcriptase inverse
transcription
Transcription, Genetic
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Summary:Five retrotransposon families of rice (Tos1-Tos5) have been reported previously. Here we report 15 new retrotransposon families of rice (Tos6-Tos20). In contrast to yeast and Drosophila retrotransposons, all of the rice retrotransposons examined appear inactive (or almost inactive) under normal growth conditions. Three of the rice retrotransposons (Tos10, Tos17, and Tos19) are activated under tissue culture conditions. The most active one, Tos17, was studied in detail. The copy number of Tos17 increased with prolonged culture period. In all of the plants regenerated from tissue cultures, including transgenic plants, 5 to 30 transposed Tos17 copies were detected. The transcript of Tos17 was only detected under tissue culture conditions, indicating that the transposition of Tos17 is mainly regulated at the transcriptional level. To examine the target-site specificity of Tos17 transposition, sequences flanking transposed Tos17 copies were analyzed. At least four out of eight target sites examined are coding regions. Other target sites may also be in genes because two out of four were transcribed. The regenerated plants with Tos17-insertions in the phytochrome A gene and the S-receptor kinase-related gene were identified. These results indicate that activation of Tos17 is an important cause of tissue culture-induced mutations. Tissue culture-induced activation of Tos17 may be a useful tool for insertional mutagenesis and functional analysis of genes.
ISSN:0027-8424
1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.93.15.7783