N-3 PUFAs and their specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators on airway inflammatory response: beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases

Respiratory diseases include a wide range of pathologies with different clinical manifestations, affecting the normal airways and lung function. An increase in the inflammatory response is considered a characteristic hallmark of these diseases, being also a critical factor for their progression. The...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Food & function 2022-04, Vol.13 (8), p.426-4272
Main Authors: Zúñiga-Hernández, Jessica, Sambra, Verónica, Echeverría, Francisca, Videla, Luis A, Valenzuela, Rodrigo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Asthma
Asthma - drug therapy
Asthma - prevention & control
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Disease prevention
Docosahexaenoic acid
Docosahexaenoic Acids - therapeutic use
Eicosapentaenoic acid
Eicosapentaenoic Acid - therapeutic use
Fatty acids
Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - therapeutic use
Fever
Fish oils
Health services
Humans
Inflammation - drug therapy
Inflammation - prevention & control
Inflammatory response
Lipids
Lung diseases
Obstructive lung disease
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Prevention
Respiratory diseases
Respiratory function
Respiratory tract
Respiratory tract diseases
Signs and symptoms
Supplements
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Summary:Respiratory diseases include a wide range of pathologies with different clinical manifestations, affecting the normal airways and lung function. An increase in the inflammatory response is considered a characteristic hallmark of these diseases, being also a critical factor for their progression. The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:4n-3, EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3, DHA) and their lipid mediators are known to have an inflammation pro-resolution effect. The effects of these n-3 PUFAs in the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases are beginning to be understood. Consequently, this article aims to analyze the influence of n-3 PUFAs and their lipid mediators on the inflammatory response in respiratory health, emphasizing recent data concerning their beneficial effects in the prevention and possible treatment of different respiratory diseases, particularly asthma, airway allergic syndromes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The review includes studies regarding the effects of EPA, DHA, and their specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) on in vivo and in vitro models of respiratory disease, concluding that EPA and DHA have a positive impact in attenuating the pro-inflammatory response in respiratory diseases, reducing symptoms like nasal congestion, fever and difficulty in breathing. Controversial data reported are probably due to differences in several factors, including the dosages, administration vehicles, and the supplementation times employed, which are aspects that remain to be addressed in future studies. Respiratory diseases include a wide range of pathologies with different clinical manifestations, affecting the normal airways and lung function.
ISSN:2042-6496
2042-650X
DOI:10.1039/d1fo03551g