Development of Dendritic Form and Function

The nervous system is populated by numerous types of neurons, each bearing a dendritic arbor with a characteristic morphology. These type-specific features influence many aspects of a neuron's function, including the number and identity of presynaptic inputs and how inputs are integrated to det...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of cell and developmental biology 2015-11, Vol.31 (1), p.741-777
Main Authors: Lefebvre, Julie L, Sanes, Joshua R, Kay, Jeremy N
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Chromosome Pairing - physiology
dendrite
Dendrites - physiology
Humans
neural development
self-avoidance
synapse formation
tiling
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Summary:The nervous system is populated by numerous types of neurons, each bearing a dendritic arbor with a characteristic morphology. These type-specific features influence many aspects of a neuron's function, including the number and identity of presynaptic inputs and how inputs are integrated to determine firing properties. Here, we review the mechanisms that regulate the construction of cell type-specific dendrite patterns during development. We focus on four aspects of dendrite patterning that are particularly important in determining the function of the mature neuron: ( a ) dendrite shape, including branching pattern and geometry of the arbor; ( b ) dendritic arbor size; ( c ) targeting of dendrites to particular locations; and ( d ) subdivision of dendrites into compartments with unique electrical properties or synaptic inputs.
ISSN:1081-0706
1530-8995
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100913-013020