Annatto extract and β-carotene enhances antioxidant status and regulate gene expression in neutrophils of diabetic rats

Annatto (Bixa orellana L.) contains a mixture of orange-yellowish pigments due to the presence of various carotenoids that have antioxidant effect. The immune system is especially vulnerable to oxidative damage because many immune cells, such as neutrophils, produce reactive oxygen and nitrogen spec...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Free radical research 2012-03, Vol.46 (3), p.329-338
Main Authors: Júnior, Joamyr Victor Rossoni, Araújo, Glaucy Rodrigues, Pádua, Bruno Da Cruz, de Brito Magalhães, Cíntia Lopes, Chaves, Míriam Martins, Pedrosa, Maria Lúcia, Silva, Marcelo Eustáquio, Costa, Daniela Caldeira
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alloxan
Animals
antioxidant enzymes
beta Carotene - pharmacology
Bixaceae
carotenoids
Carotenoids - pharmacology
Catalase - biosynthesis
Catalase - genetics
Cells, Cultured - drug effects
diabetes
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - blood
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - drug therapy
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - genetics
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - immunology
Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
Female
Free Radical Scavengers - pharmacology
Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects
Hepatocytes - drug effects
NADPH oxidase
NADPH Oxidases - biosynthesis
NADPH Oxidases - genetics
Neutrophils - drug effects
Neutrophils - enzymology
Nitric Oxide - metabolism
Oxidative Stress - drug effects
Plant Extracts - pharmacology
qRT-PCR
Rats
Rats, Inbred F344
Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
RNA, Messenger - biosynthesis
RNA, Messenger - genetics
Superoxide Dismutase - biosynthesis
Superoxide Dismutase - genetics
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Summary:Annatto (Bixa orellana L.) contains a mixture of orange-yellowish pigments due to the presence of various carotenoids that have antioxidant effect. The immune system is especially vulnerable to oxidative damage because many immune cells, such as neutrophils, produce reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) as part of the body's defence mechanisms to destroy invading pathogens. It is well known that the function of neutrophils is altered in diabetes; one of the major functional changes in neutrophils in diabetes is the increased generation of extracellular superoxide via the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase system. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the production of ROS and nitric oxide (NO) as well as the expression of NADPH oxidase subunits, inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in neutrophils from diabetic rats treated with annatto extract and β-carotene. Forty-eight female Fisher rats were distributed into six groups according to the treatment received. All animals were sacrificed 7 days after treatment, and the neutrophils were isolated using two gradients of different densities. The ROS and NO were quantified by a chemiluminescence and spectrophotometric assays, respectively. Analyses of gene expression were performed using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results show that treatment with annatto extract and β-carotene was able to decrease ROS production and the mRNA levels of p22phox and p47phox and increase the mRNA levels of SOD and CAT in neutrophils from diabetic rats. These data suggest that annatto extract and β-carotene exerts antioxidant effect via inhibition of expression of the NADPH oxidase subunits and increase expression/activity of antioxidant enzymes.
ISSN:1071-5762
1029-2470
DOI:10.3109/10715762.2012.656100