Relationship Between kdr Mutation and Resistance to Pyrethroid and DDT Insecticides in Natural Populations of Anopheles gambiae

The spread of insecticide resistance genes in Anopheles gambiae Giles sensu stricto threatens to compromise vector-based malaria control programs. Two mutations at the same locus in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene are known to confer knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids and DDT. Kdr-e inv...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of medical entomology 2008-03, Vol.45 (2), p.260-266
Main Authors: Reimer, Lisa, Fondjo, Etienne, Patchoké, Salomon, Diallo, Brehima, Lee, Yoosook, Ng, Arash, Ndjemai, Hamadou M., Atangana, Jean, Traore, Sekou F., Lanzaro, Gregory, Cornel, Anthony J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alleles
amino acid substitution
Animals
Anopheles - genetics
Anopheles gambiae
Biological and medical sciences
Cameroon
DDT
DDT (pesticide)
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gene Frequency
genetic polymorphism
genetic resistance
genotype
insecticide resistance
Insecticide Resistance - genetics
Insecticides
kdr
knockdown resistance
M molecular form
Medically important nuisances and vectors, pests of stored products and materials: population survey and control
mutation
population genetics
Pyrethrins
pyrethroid insecticides
pyrethroids
resistance alleles
S molecular forms
sodium channels
Sodium Channels - genetics
Vector Control, Pest Management, Resistance, Repellents
Vectors. Intermediate hosts
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Summary:The spread of insecticide resistance genes in Anopheles gambiae Giles sensu stricto threatens to compromise vector-based malaria control programs. Two mutations at the same locus in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene are known to confer knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids and DDT. Kdr-e involves a leucine-serine substitution, and it was until recently thought to be restricted to East Africa, whereas kdr-w, which involves a leucine-phenylalanine substitution, is associated with resistance in West Africa. In this study, we analyze the frequency and relationship between the kdr genotypes and resistance to type I and type II pyrethroids and DDT by using WHO test kits in both the Forest-M and S molecular forms of An. gambiae in Cameroon. Both kdr-w and kdr-e polymorphisms were found in sympatric An. gambiae, and in many cases in the same mosquito. Kdr-e and kdr-w were detected in both forms, but they were predominant in the S form. Both kdr-e and kdr-w were closely associated with resistance to DDT and weakly associated with resistance to type II pyrethroids. Kdr-w conferred greater resistance to permethrin than kdr-e. We also describe a modified diagnostic designed to detect both resistant alleles simultaneously.
ISSN:0022-2585
1938-2928
DOI:10.1603/0022-2585%282008%2945%5B260%3ARBKMAR%5D2.0.CO%3B2