Effect of diesel exhaust particulate (DEP) on immune responses: contributions of particulate versus organic soluble components

The effect of diesel exhaust particulate (DEP) exposure on innate, cellular and humoral pulmonary immunity was studied using high-dose, acute-exposure rat, mouse, and cell culture models. DEP consists of a complex mixture of petrochemical-derived organics adsorbed onto elemental carbon particles. DE...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A Part A, 2004-02, Vol.67 (3), p.221-231
Main Authors:	Siegel, Paul D., Saxena, Rajiv K., Saxena, Q. B., Ma, Joseph K. H., Ma, Jane Y. C., Yin, Xue-Jun, Castranova, Vincent, Al-Humadi, Nabil, Lewis, Daniel M.
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Acute Disease Air Pollutants - chemistry Air Pollutants - toxicity Animals Antibody Formation - immunology Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid - chemistry Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid - cytology Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid - immunology Disease Models, Animal Environmental Monitoring Epidemiological Monitoring Immunity, Cellular - immunology Inhalation Exposure - adverse effects Inhalation Exposure - analysis Interferon-gamma - immunology Interleukin-1 - immunology Lipopolysaccharides - immunology Macrophages, Alveolar - immunology Mice Pneumonia - epidemiology Pneumonia - etiology Pneumonia - immunology Rats Reactive Oxygen Species - immunology Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - immunology Vehicle Emissions - analysis Vehicle Emissions - toxicity
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Summary:	The effect of diesel exhaust particulate (DEP) exposure on innate, cellular and humoral pulmonary immunity was studied using high-dose, acute-exposure rat, mouse, and cell culture models. DEP consists of a complex mixture of petrochemical-derived organics adsorbed onto elemental carbon particles. DEP is a major component of particulate urban air pollution and a health concern in both urban and occupational environments. The alveolar macrophage is considered a key cellular component in pulmonary innate immunity. DEP and DEP organic extracts have been found to suppress alveolar macrophage function as demonstrated by reduced production of cytokines (interleukin-1 [IL-1], tumor necrosis factor-α[TNF-α]) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to a variety of agents, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interferon-γ(IFN-γ), and bacteria. Fractionation of DEP organic extract suggests that this activity was predominately in polyaromatic-containing and more polar (resin) fractions. Organic-stripped DEP did not alter these innate pulmonary immune responses. DEP also depressed pulmonary clearance of Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). The contribution of the organic component of DEP is less well defined with respect to acquired and humoral immunity. Indeed, both DEP and carbon black enhanced humoral immune responses (specific immunoglobulin [Ig] E and IgG) in an ovalbumin-sensitized rat model. It is concluded that both the particulate and adsorbed organics may contribute to DEP-mediated immune alterations.
ISSN:	1528-7394 1087-2620 2381-3504