Effects of alendronate on bone healing after tooth extraction in rats

Oral Diseases (2010) 16, 674–685 Objectives:  Tooth extraction has been identified as an important risk factor for bisphosphonate‐induced osteonecrosis of the jaw. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to determine the effects of alendronate on healing of the extraction socket and on interdenta...

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Published in:Oral diseases 2010-10, Vol.16 (7), p.674-685
Main Authors: Aguirre, JI, Altman, MK, Vanegas, SM, Franz, SE, Bassit, ACF, Wronski, TJ
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
alendronate
Alendronate - administration & dosage
Alendronate - therapeutic use
Alendronic acid
alveolar bone
Alveolar Process - blood supply
Alveolar Process - drug effects
Animals
Bisphosphonates
Blood vessels
Blood Vessels - drug effects
Bone (alveolar)
Bone Density - drug effects
Bone Density Conservation Agents - administration & dosage
Bone Density Conservation Agents - therapeutic use
bone formation
Bone healing
Bone Matrix - blood supply
Bone Matrix - drug effects
Bone resorption
Bone Resorption - pathology
Bone Resorption - prevention & control
Dentistry
Female
Injections, Subcutaneous
Jaw
Mandible
Mandible - blood supply
Mandible - drug effects
Mandible - surgery
Mandibles
Molar - surgery
Molars
Neovascularization, Physiologic - drug effects
Oral diseases
Osteoblasts - drug effects
Osteoclasts - drug effects
Osteocytes
Osteocytes - drug effects
Osteogenesis
Osteogenesis - drug effects
Osteonecrosis
osteonecrosis of the jaw
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Risk factors
Teeth
Time Factors
Tooth Extraction
Tooth Socket - blood supply
Tooth Socket - drug effects
Tooth Socket - surgery
Wound Healing - drug effects
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Summary:Oral Diseases (2010) 16, 674–685 Objectives:  Tooth extraction has been identified as an important risk factor for bisphosphonate‐induced osteonecrosis of the jaw. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to determine the effects of alendronate on healing of the extraction socket and on interdental alveolar bone after tooth extraction in rats. Materials and methods:  Animals were injected subcutaneously with vehicle or alendronate for 3–4 weeks before the first mandibular molar was extracted and these treatments were continued during post‐extraction periods of 10, 21, 35 and 70 days. Mandibles were processed to evaluate healing of the extraction socket and adjacent alveolar bone by assessing bone formation, bone resorption and vascularity by histomorphometric techniques. Results:  Alendronate decreased new woven bone formation, blood vessel area, perimeter and number in the extraction socket at 10 days postextraction, but not at later time points. Furthermore, alendronate‐treated rats had increased interdental alveolar bone volume and height only at 10 days postextraction. In addition, a 2.5‐fold increase in the percentage of empty osteocyte lacunae was found in alveolar bone of alendronate‐treated rats only at 10 days postextraction. Conclusions:  Alendronate transiently decreases bone formation and vascularity in the extraction socket and delays the removal of interdental alveolar bone after tooth extraction in rats.
ISSN:1354-523X
1601-0825
DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.2010.01677.x