Dental implants in irradiated jaws: a literature review

Surgical treatment of head and neck cancer frequently results in defects that challenge conventional prosthetic rehabilitation. Successful rehabilitation using tissue supported dentures in such cases has been reported to be less than 20%. With the loss of jaw bones and thus the support, there is los...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of cancer research and therapeutics 2012-01, Vol.8 Suppl 1 (6), p.S85-S93
Main Authors: Dholam, Kanchan P, Gurav, Sandeep V
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomedical materials
Care and treatment
Dental Implantation, Endosseous - methods
Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported - methods
Diagnosis
Head & neck cancer
Head and neck cancer
Head and Neck Neoplasms - radiotherapy
Health aspects
Humans
Implant dentures
Jaw - radiation effects
Jaw - surgery
Jaws
Physiological aspects
Radiation therapy
Teeth
Transplants & implants
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Summary:Surgical treatment of head and neck cancer frequently results in defects that challenge conventional prosthetic rehabilitation. Successful rehabilitation using tissue supported dentures in such cases has been reported to be less than 20%. With the loss of jaw bones and thus the support, there is loss of retention to a great deal. Also, teeth loss on the side of the defect adds to failure in retention. Scar tissue formation, deviation of jaw due to muscle pull, decreased mouth opening, loss of sulcus and non vertical force are some of the common adversaries of jaw resection especially mandibular resection which pose great limitation on the stability and success of prospective prosthetic rehabilitation. The advent and application of biologically acceptable implants in clinical dentistry has contributed to restoring the defects of the deficient maxillofacial systems. Surgical intervention in patients who had received head and neck irradiation is preferably avoided as it has been associated with decreased healing and increased potential for development of osteoradionecrosis. Hence an implant as an option when surgical field has received tumerocidal radiation is empirically excluded. The purpose of this article is to review the studies and reports published in various journals related to osseointegrated implant rehabilitation in irradiated bones.
ISSN:0973-1482
1998-4138
DOI:10.4103/0973-1482.92220