Microbial influences on epithelial integrity and immune function as a basis for inflammatory diseases

Certain autoimmune diseases as well as asthma have increased in recent decades, particularly in developed countries. The hygiene hypothesis has been the prevailing model to account for this increase; however, epidemiology studies also support the contribution of diet and obesity to inflammatory dise...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Immunological reviews 2012-01, Vol.245 (1), p.164-176
Main Authors: Macia, Laurence, Thorburn, Alison N., Binge, Lauren C., Marino, Eliana, Rogers, Kate E., Maslowski, Kendle M., Vieira, Angélica T., Kranich, Jan, Mackay, Charles R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Bacteria - immunology
Bacteria - metabolism
Bacterial Infections - complications
Bacterial Infections - immunology
Bacterial Infections - microbiology
Diet
Dietary Supplements
epithelium
Fatty Acids - immunology
Fatty Acids - metabolism
GPR43
Humans
Immune System Diseases - etiology
Immune System Diseases - immunology
Immune System Diseases - microbiology
Immune Tolerance
Inflammation - immunology
Inflammation - microbiology
Intestinal Mucosa - immunology
Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism
Intestinal Mucosa - microbiology
microbiota
Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - metabolism
short-chain fatty acids
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Summary:Certain autoimmune diseases as well as asthma have increased in recent decades, particularly in developed countries. The hygiene hypothesis has been the prevailing model to account for this increase; however, epidemiology studies also support the contribution of diet and obesity to inflammatory diseases. Diet affects the composition of the gut microbiota, and recent studies have identified various molecules and mechanisms that connect diet, the gut microbiota, and immune responses. Herein, we discuss the effects of microbial metabolites, such as short chain fatty acids, on epithelial integrity as well as immune cell function. We propose that dysbiosis contributes to compromised epithelial integrity and disrupted immune tolerance. In addition, dietary molecules affect the function of immune cells directly, particularly through lipid G‐protein coupled receptors such as GPR43.
ISSN:0105-2896
1600-065X
DOI:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2011.01080.x