Electrochromic and electrochemical properties of amorphous porous nickel hydroxide thin films

► We examined the porosity effect on electrochromic properties of nickel hydroxide. ► CBD is of interest due to its low cost, environmental friendliness. ► Exclusive analysis on XPS measurements of nickel hydroxide samples is presented. ► Improved optical densities and response time (ms) of the samp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Applied surface science 2011-09, Vol.257 (22), p.9606-9611
Main Authors: Inamdar, A.I., Sonavane, A.C., Pawar, S.M., Kim, YoungSam, Kim, J.H., Patil, P.S., Jung, Woong, Im, Hyunsik, Kim, Dae-Young, Kim, Hyungsang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Annealing
Chronoamperometry
Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties
Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties
Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science
rheology
Cyclic voltammetry
Diffraction
Electrochromism
Exact sciences and technology
Hydroxides
Impedance spectroscopy
Nickel
Nickel hydroxide
Physics
Thin films
Transmittance
UV–vis spectroscopy
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
X-rays
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Summary:► We examined the porosity effect on electrochromic properties of nickel hydroxide. ► CBD is of interest due to its low cost, environmental friendliness. ► Exclusive analysis on XPS measurements of nickel hydroxide samples is presented. ► Improved optical densities and response time (ms) of the samples have been obtained. ► The measured colouration efficiency ranges between 30-40 cm 2/C. Nickel hydroxide films were prepared using the chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. The amorphous nature of the films was confirmed by X-ray diffraction measurements. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements showed that the films exhibited nickel hydroxide nature. The porosity of the films was studied using optical measurements. The electrochromic properties of the porous nickel hydroxide layers were investigated, using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, in situ transmittance, UV–vis spectroscopy, and impedance spectroscopy. The change in the optical density (ΔOD) was found to be 0.79 for the as-deposited nickel hydroxide films, whereas it is 0.53 and 0.50 for the films annealed at 150 °C and 200 °C, respectively. The in situ transmittance and chronoamperometry curves revealed that the annealed films had a very fast colouration ( t c < 290 ms) and decolouration ( t b < 130 ms). The measured colouration efficiencies range between 30 and 40 cm 2/C. The impedance measurements revealed the faster colouration and good electrochromic properties for the annealed nickel hydroxide films.
ISSN:0169-4332
1873-5584
DOI:10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.06.079