Response of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in calves with subclinical bovine viral diarrhea challenged with bovine herpesvirus-1

The aim of this work was to investigate the susceptibility of calves infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) against secondary infections. For this purpose, the profile of cytokines implicated in the immune response of calves experimentally infected with a non-cytopathic strain of BVDV type...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2011-11, Vol.144 (1), p.135-143
Main Authors: Risalde, M.A., Molina, V., Sánchez-Cordón, P.J., Pedrera, M., Panadero, R., Romero-Palomo, F., Gómez-Villamandos, J.C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acute phase proteins
Acute-Phase Proteins - analysis
Acute-Phase Proteins - physiology
Animals
Antibodies, Bacterial - blood
Antibodies, Viral - blood
Bovine herpesvirus 1
Bovine herpesvirus type 1
Bovine viral diarrhea virus
Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease - immunology
Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease - virology
Cattle
Cattle Diseases - immunology
Cattle Diseases - microbiology
Cattle Diseases - virology
Cytokines
Cytokines - blood
Cytokines - physiology
Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral - immunology
Disease Susceptibility - immunology
Disease Susceptibility - microbiology
Disease Susceptibility - veterinary
Disease Susceptibility - virology
ELISA
Herpesviridae Infections - immunology
Herpesviridae Infections - microbiology
Herpesviridae Infections - veterinary
Herpesviridae Infections - virology
Herpesvirus
Herpesvirus 1, Bovine - immunology
Immune response
Interferon-gamma - blood
Interferon-gamma - physiology
Interleukin-10 - blood
Interleukin-10 - physiology
Interleukin-12 - blood
Interleukin-12 - physiology
Interleukin-1beta - blood
Interleukin-1beta - physiology
Interleukin-4 - blood
Interleukin-4 - physiology
Male
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - blood
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - physiology
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Summary:The aim of this work was to investigate the susceptibility of calves infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) against secondary infections. For this purpose, the profile of cytokines implicated in the immune response of calves experimentally infected with a non-cytopathic strain of BVDV type-1 and challenged with bovine herpesvirus 1.1 (BHV-1.1) was evaluated in comparison with healthy animals challenged only with BHV-1.1. The immune response was measured by serum concentrations of cytokines (IL-1β, TNFα, IFNγ, IL-12, IL-4 and IL-10), acute phase proteins (haptoglobin, serum amyloid A and fibrinogen) and BVDV and BHV-1.1 specific antibodies. BVDV-infected calves displayed a great secretion of TNFα and reduced production of IL-10 following BHV-1 infection, leading to an exacerbation of the inflammatory response and to the development of more intense clinical symptoms and lesions than those observed in healthy animals BHV-1-inoculated. A Th1 immune response, based on IFNγ production and on the absence of significant changes in IL-4 production, was observed in both groups of BHV-1-infected calves. However, whereas the animals inoculated only with BHV-1 presented an IFNγ response from the start of the study and high expression of IL-12, the BVDV-infected calves showed a delay in the IFNγ production and low levels of IL-12. This alteration in the kinetic and magnitude of these cytokines, involved in cytotoxic mechanisms responsible for limiting the spread of secondary pathogens, facilitated the dissemination of BHV-1.1 in BVDV-infected calves.
ISSN:0165-2427
1873-2534
DOI:10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.07.022