Impact of Long-Term Fertilization on the Composition of Denitrifier Communities Based on Nitrite Reductase Analyses in a Paddy Soil

The effect of long-term fertilization on soil-denitrifying communities was determined by measuring the abundance and diversity of the nitrite reductase genes nirK and nirS. Soil samples were collected from plots of a long-term fertilization experiment started in 1990, located in Taoyuan (110°72″ E,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Microbial ecology 2010-11, Vol.60 (4), p.850-861
Main Authors: Chen, Zhe, Luo, Xiqian, Hu, Ronggui, Wu, Minna, Wu, Jinshui, Wei, Wenxue
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agricultural site preparation
Bacteria - classification
Bacteria - enzymology
Bacteria - genetics
Bacteria - isolation & purification
Bacterial Proteins - genetics
Biological and medical sciences
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Ecology
Fertilization
Fertilizers - analysis
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gene Dosage
Geoecology/Natural Processes
Life Sciences
Microbial Ecology
Microbiology
Molecular Sequence Data
Nature Conservation
Nitrite Reductases - genetics
Nitrites
Oryza sativa
Paddy soils
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Polymerase chain reaction
Sedimentary soils
Soil - analysis
Soil composition
SOIL MICROBIOLOGY
Soil microorganisms
Soil samples
Water Quality/Water Pollution
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Summary:The effect of long-term fertilization on soil-denitrifying communities was determined by measuring the abundance and diversity of the nitrite reductase genes nirK and nirS. Soil samples were collected from plots of a long-term fertilization experiment started in 1990, located in Taoyuan (110°72″ E, 28°52″ N), China. The treatments were no fertilizer (NF), urea (UR), balanced mineral fertilizers (BM), and BM combined with rice straw (BMR). The abundance, diversity, and composition of the soil-denitrifying bacteria were determined by using real-time quantitative PCR, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), and cloning and sequencing of nirK and nirS genes. There was a pronounced difference in the community composition and diversity of nirK-containing denitrifiers responding to the long-term fertilization regimes; however, less variation was observed in communities of nirS-containing denitrifiers, indicating that denitrifiers possessing nirK were more sensitive to the fertilization practices than those with nirS. In contrast, fertilization regimes had similar effects on the copy numbers of nirK and nirS genes. The BMR treatment had the highest copy numbers of nirK and nirS, followed by the two mineral fertilization regimes (UR and BM), and the lowest was in the NF treatment. Of the measured soil parameters, the differences in the community composition of nirK and the abundance of nir denitrifiers were highly correlated with the soil carbon content. Therefore, long-term fertilization resulted in a strong impact on the community structure of nirK populations only, and total organic carbon was the dominant factor in relation to the variations of nir community sizes.
ISSN:0095-3628
1432-184X
DOI:10.1007/s00248-010-9700-z